---
title: swelling — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «swelling» in the school dictionary: A part of the body that has become bigger and puffy, often because of an injury, an infection or an allergy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# swelling

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** part, Getting, you, swelling, big swelling, bee · **What happens:** become, get, swell, put, reduce, go down · **To what, where:** river, ice, ankle, swelling, me, ambulance · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«swelling» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [swelling in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/swelling.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A part of the body that has become bigger and puffy, often because of an injury, an infection or an allergy.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swelling:m1:1
# text = A part of the body that has become bigger and puffy, often because of an injury, an infection or an allergy.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	xcomp	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	puffy	puffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	often	often	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
14	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	17	case	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	infection	infection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	allergy	allergy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present · perfect | a part of the body |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Getting bigger: the river is swelling after the rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swelling:m2:1
# text = Getting bigger: the river is swelling after the rain.
1	Getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	swelling	swell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | gerund |  | the river |  |  |  | big *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer river=Stimulus |
| 2 | **swell** | present · progressive | Getting |  |  |  | after the rain |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Getting louder or stronger: music swelling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swelling:m3:1
# text = Getting louder or stronger: music swelling.
1	Getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
2	louder	loud	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	xcomp	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	swelling	swelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | loud *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put ice on your ankle to reduce the swelling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swelling:x1:1
# text = Put ice on your ankle to reduce the swelling.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	ankle	ankle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	swelling	swelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | ice |  | your ankle |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent ice=Theme on ankle=Destination |
| 2 | **reduce** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the swelling |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer swelling=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The swelling went down after two days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swelling:x2:1
# text = The swelling went down after two days.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	swelling	swelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go down** | past | the swelling |  |  |  | day | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a big swelling where the bee stung me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swelling:x3:1
# text = There was a big swelling where the bee stung me.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	swelling	swelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	stung	sting	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a big swelling |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **sting** | past | the bee | me |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her lips started swelling, so we called an ambulance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swelling:x4:1
# text = Her lips started swelling, so we called an ambulance.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	swelling	swelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ambulance	ambulance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | Her lips | swelling |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swelling=Eventuality |
| 2 | **call** | past | we | a ambulance |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent ambulance=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river is swelling after the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swelling:x5:1
# text = The river is swelling after the storm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	swelling	swell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swell** | present · progressive | the river |  |  |  | after the storm |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The music kept swelling louder and louder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swelling:x6:1
# text = The music kept swelling louder and louder.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	swelling	swell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	louder	loud	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	louder	loud	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | the music |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **swell** | gerund | the music *not said here* |  |  |  |  | loud *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Raise your foot to help the swelling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swelling:x7:1
# text = Raise your foot to help the swelling.
1	Raise	raise	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	swelling	swelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | imperative | you *not said here* | your foot |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Theme |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the swelling |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swelling=Beneficiary |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wooden door is swelling in the damp, so it sticks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swelling:x8:1
# text = The wooden door is swelling in the damp, so it sticks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	swelling	swell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	sticks	stick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swell** | present · progressive | the wooden door |  |  |  |  | in the damp | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in damp=Attribute |
| 2 | **stick** | present | door |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ship, with swelling sails and a favorable wind, glided away smoothly and lightly over the calm sea.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swelling:x9:1
# text = The ship, with swelling sails and a favorable wind, glided away smoothly and lightly over the calm sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	swelling	swelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sails	sail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	favorable	favorable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
12	glided	glide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	away	away	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	smoothly	smoothly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	lightly	lightly	ADV	RB	_	14	conj	_	_
17	over	over	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glide away** | past | the ship |  |  | the calm sea |  | away, smoothly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over sea=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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