---
title: swiss — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «swiss» in the school dictionary: Swiss means from or about Switzerland, a small mountain country in the middle of Europe. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# swiss

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Swiss, Swiss chocolate, We, Grandma, Swiss Army knife, Many Swiss people · **What happens:** mean, be, use, name, go, ski · **To what, where:** Switzerland, people, Swiss, names, things, world · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«swiss» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [swiss in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/swiss.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swiss means from or about Switzerland, a small mountain country in the middle of Europe.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swiss:m1:1
# text = Swiss means from or about Switzerland, a small mountain country in the middle of Europe.
1	Swiss	swiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Switzerland	Switzerland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Swiss |  |  | Switzerland |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Swiss are the people of Switzerland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swiss:m2:1
# text = The Swiss are the people of Switzerland.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Swiss	Swis	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Switzerland	Switzerland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Swiss | the people |  |  |  | of Switzerland | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swiss is used in names of things.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swiss:m3:1
# text = Swiss is used in names of things.
1	Swiss	swiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Swiss |  | names of things |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **name** |  |  | things |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swiss cheese, Swiss roll, Swiss Army knife.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swiss:m3e:1
# text = Swiss cheese, Swiss roll, Swiss Army knife.
1	Swiss	Swiss	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	Swiss	Swiss	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	Swiss	Swiss	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Army	Army	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swiss chocolate is famous around the world.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swiss:x1:1
# text = Swiss chocolate is famous around the world.
1	Swiss	Swiss	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	around	around	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Swiss chocolate |  |  | the world |  | famous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went skiing in the Swiss Alps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swiss:x2:1
# text = We went skiing in the Swiss Alps.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	skiing	ski	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Swiss	Swiss	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Alps	Alp	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **ski** | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  | the Swiss Alps |  |  | vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma made a jam Swiss roll for pudding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swiss:x3:1
# text = Grandma made a jam Swiss roll for pudding.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
5	Swiss	Swiss	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	pudding	pudding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Grandma | a jam Swiss roll |  |  |  | for pudding | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent roll=Product for pudding=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Swiss Army knife has a blade, scissors and a tiny saw.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swiss:x4:1
# text = A Swiss Army knife has a blade, scissors and a tiny saw.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Swiss	Swiss	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	Army	Army	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	scissors	scissors	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	saw	saw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a Swiss Army knife | a blade and scissors and a tiny saw |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blade=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Swiss people speak German or French.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swiss:x5:1
# text = Many Swiss people speak German or French.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Swiss	Swiss	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	German	German	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | Many Swiss people | German or French |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Swiss have a red flag with a white cross.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swiss:x6:1
# text = The Swiss have a red flag with a white cross.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Swiss	Swis	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	flag	flag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	cross	cross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the Swiss | a red flag |  |  |  | with a white cross | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flag=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was indeed a Swiss town in its holiday dress.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:swiss:x7:1
# text = It was indeed a Swiss town in its holiday dress.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Swiss	Swiss	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	dress	dress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a Swiss town |  | town's holiday dress |  | indeed *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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