---
title: sword — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sword» in the school dictionary: A sword is a weapon with a long, sharp metal blade and a handle (a hilt), used long ago for fighting. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sword

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sword, knight, Excalibur, Roman soldiers, We, pirate · **What happens:** be, use, fight, draw, carry, have · **To what, where:** weapon, sword, magic sword, short swords, sword fight, long pointed nose

<!-- .vabout -->
«sword» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sword in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sword.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sword is a weapon with a long, sharp metal blade and a handle (a hilt), used long ago for fighting.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sword:m1:1
# text = A sword is a weapon with a long, sharp metal blade and a handle (a hilt), used long ago for fighting.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	weapon	weapon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	hilt	hilt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
22	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	23	advmod	_	_
23	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
24	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
25	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sword | a weapon |  |  |  | with a long sharp metal blade and a handle | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fight** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight drew his sword.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sword:x1:1
# text = The knight drew his sword.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | the knight | knight's sword |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Excalibur was King Arthur's magic sword.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sword:x2:1
# text = Excalibur was King Arthur's magic sword.
1	Excalibur	Excalibur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Arthur	Arthur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Excalibur | King Arthur's magic sword |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Roman soldiers carried short swords.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sword:x3:1
# text = Roman soldiers carried short swords.
1	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | Roman soldiers | short swords |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had a sword fight with foam swords.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sword:x4:1
# text = We had a sword fight with foam swords.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	foam	foam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | a sword fight |  |  |  | with foam swords | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pirate waved his sword.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sword:x5:1
# text = The pirate waved his sword.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pirate	pirate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	waved	wave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wave** | past | the pirate | pirate's sword |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A swordfish has a long pointed nose like a sword.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sword:x6:1
# text = A swordfish has a long pointed nose like a sword.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	swordfish	swordfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	pointed	point	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a swordfish | a long pointed nose |  |  |  | like a sword | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Patient |
| 2 | **point** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Real swords are sharp and dangerous, not toys.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sword:x7:1
# text = Real swords are sharp and dangerous, not toys.
1	Real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Real swords |  |  |  |  | sharp *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Real swords *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Petru stopped and lowered his sword.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sword:x8:1
# text = Petru stopped and lowered his sword.
1	Petru	Petru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	lowered	lower	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | Petru |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **lower** | past | Petru *not said here* | Petru's sword |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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