---
title: taffy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «taffy» in the school dictionary: A soft, chewy sweet made by boiling sugar or molasses and pulling it until it is shiny and stretchy; salt-water taffy is a famous kind. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# taffy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pulling, soft chewy sweet, Taffy, full name, old nickname, We · **What happens:** make, pull, be, write, say, mean · **To what, where:** soft chewy sweet, sweet, famous kind, little girl, two, First Letter · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«taffy» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [taffy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/taffy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: US, Canada — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A soft, chewy sweet made by boiling sugar or molasses and pulling it until it is shiny and stretchy; salt-water taffy is a famous kind.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taffy:m1:1
# text = A soft, chewy sweet made by boiling sugar or molasses and pulling it until it is shiny and stretchy; salt-water taffy is a famous kind.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	chewy	chewy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sweet	sweet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	boiling	boiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	molasses	molass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
13	pulling	pull	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	csubj	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	until	until	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	stretchy	stretchy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
22	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	taffy	taffy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a soft chewy sweet *not said here* |  |  |  | by boiling sugar or molasses | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **pull** | gerund |  | sweet |  |  | until sweet |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | pulling |  |  |  |  | shiny *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | pulling *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is a** | present | a soft chewy sweet | a famous kind |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Another word for toffee in some places.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taffy:m2:1
# text = Another word for toffee in some places.
1	Another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	toffee	toffee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taffy is the little girl in two of Kipling's Just So Stories, «How the First Letter Was Written» and «How the Alphabet Was Made»; her full name is Taffimai Metallumai, which she says means «Small-person-without-any-manners-who-ought-to-be-spanked».

<!-- fold The tree, 45 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taffy:m3:1
# text = Taffy is the little girl in two of Kipling's Just So Stories, «How the First Letter Was Written» and «How the Alphabet Was Made»; her full name is Taffimai Metallumai, which she says means «Small-person-without-any-manners-who-ought-to-be-spanked».
1	Taffy	Taffy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	Kipling	Kipling	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	Just	Just	PROPN	NNP	_	13	flat	_	_
12	So	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	Stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	First	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	19	amod	_	_
19	Letter	Letter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	Was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	Written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
24	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	29	advmod	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
27	Alphabet	Alphabet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
28	Was	Was	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	Made	Made	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
32	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
33	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
35	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
36	Taffimai	Taffimai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
37	Metallumai	Metallumai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	41	obj	_	_
40	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
41	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	parataxis	_	_
42	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	ccomp	_	_
43	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	46	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	Small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	52	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	without	without	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	48	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	52	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	50	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	manners	manners	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	46	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	62	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	62	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	54	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	62	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	62	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	to	to	PART	TO	_	62	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	58	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	62	aux:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	62	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	spanked	spank	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	52	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	62	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Taffy | the little girl |  | two |  | of Kipling's Just Stories | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | the First Letter |  |  |  | the Alphabet Was Made *obl* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Taffy's full name | Taffimai |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Taffy | Taffimai |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **mean** | present |  | Small person |  |  |  | without any manners | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Topic |
| 6 | **spank** *in a quote* | ought · passive |  | any manners |  |  |  |  | vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 7 | **name** |  | Taffy |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, old, rude — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old nickname for a Welsh person; many Welsh people find it insulting, so do not use it.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taffy:m4:1
# text = An old nickname for a Welsh person; many Welsh people find it insulting, so do not use it.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	nickname	nickname	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Welsh	welsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	Welsh	welsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	insulting	insulting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
17	do	do	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present | a old nickname for a Welsh person | person |  |  |  | insulting *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **use** | infinitive · do-support | a old nickname for a Welsh person *not said here* | person |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We bought a bag of salt-water taffy on the boardwalk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taffy:x1:1
# text = We bought a bag of salt-water taffy on the boardwalk.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	taffy	taffy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	boardwalk	boardwalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | We | a bag of salt water taffy on the boardwalk |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The taffy stuck to my teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taffy:x2:1
# text = The taffy stuck to my teeth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	taffy	taffy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	stuck	stick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stick** | participle |  | the taffy *not said here* |  |  |  | to my teeth | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to tooth=Co-Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma showed us how to pull taffy until it went pale and shiny.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taffy:x3:1
# text = Grandma showed us how to pull taffy until it went pale and shiny.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	pull	pull	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
7	taffy	taffy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
11	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Grandma |  | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **pull** | to-infinitive | Grandma *not said here* | taffy |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent taffy=Theme |
| 3 | **go** | past | taffy |  |  |  |  | pale *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taffy drew a picture on birch bark to send a message to her mother.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taffy:x4:1
# text = Taffy drew a picture on birch bark to send a message to her mother.
1	Taffy	Taffy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	birch	birch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | Taffy | a picture |  | birch bark |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent picture=Theme on bark=Destination |
| 2 | **send** | to-infinitive | Taffy *not said here* | a message | Taffy's mother |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent message=Theme to mother=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taffy and her daddy Tegumai made the first letters together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taffy:x5:1
# text = Taffy and her daddy Tegumai made the first letters together.
1	Taffy	Taffy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	daddy	daddy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	Tegumai	Tegumai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	amod	_	_
9	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	together	together	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Taffy and her daddy | the first letters |  |  |  | together *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taffy was not very good at sitting still and being quiet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taffy:x6:1
# text = Taffy was not very good at sitting still and being quiet.
1	Taffy	Taffy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	advcl	_	_
8	still	still	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	cop	_	_
11	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | Taffy |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sit** | gerund | Taffy *not said here* |  |  |  | still |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | gerund | Taffy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | quiet *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, nobody could read Taffy's picture properly, so there was a big muddle.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taffy:x7:1
# text = In the story, nobody could read Taffy's picture properly, so there was a big muddle.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	7	nsubj	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	Taffy	Taffy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	properly	properly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	15	expl	_	_
15	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	muddle	muddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | could | nobody | Taffy's picture |  | the story |  | properly *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Topic |
| 2 | **be** | past | a big muddle |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Still the turtle-dove cried: “Take two, Taffy, take two-o-o-o.”

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taffy:x8:1
# text = Still the turtle-dove cried: “Take two, Taffy, take two-o-o-o.”
1	Still	still	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	turtle	turtle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	dove	dove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
10	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Taffy	Taffy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
15	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	o	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	o	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	21	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	o	o	INTJ	UH	_	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **still** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the turtle dove |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **take** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | two |  |  |  | Taffy *obl* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent two=Theme |
| 4 | **take** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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