---
title: taliban — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «taliban» in the school dictionary: The Taliban is a militant political and religious group in Afghanistan. It ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001 and took power again in 2021. It is widely criticised, for example by the United Nations, for very harsh rules, especially stopping girls and wom
---

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# taliban

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Taliban, United Nations, many girls, Malala, Many families, news report · **What happens:** be, rule, take, criticise, stop, go · **To what, where:** militant political group, Afghanistan, most, 1996, power, 2021

<!-- .vabout -->
«taliban» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [taliban in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/taliban.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Taliban is a militant political and religious group in Afghanistan. It ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001 and took power again in 2021. It is widely criticised, for example by the United Nations, for very harsh rules, especially stopping girls and women from going to secondary school, university and many jobs.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The Taliban is a militant political and religious group in Afghanistan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taliban:m1:1
# text = The Taliban is a militant political and religious group in Afghanistan.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Taliban	Taliban	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	militant	militant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
6	political	political	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	religious	religious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Afghanistan	Afghanistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Taliban | a militant political group |  | Afghanistan |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001 and took power again in 2021.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taliban:m1:2
# text = It ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001 and took power again in 2021.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Afghanistan	Afghanistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	1996	1996	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	2001	2001	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	again	again	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	2021	2021	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | Taliban | most of Afghanistan |  | 1996 to 2001 |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Theme |
| 2 | **take** | past | Taliban *not said here* | power |  | 2021 | again |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent power=Value in 2021=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* It is widely criticised, for example by the United Nations, for very harsh rules, especially stopping girls and women from going to secondary school, university and many jobs.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taliban:m1:3
# text = It is widely criticised, for example by the United Nations, for very harsh rules, especially stopping girls and women from going to secondary school, university and many jobs.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	widely	widely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	criticised	criticise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	United	United	PROPN	NNP	_	11	compound	_	_
11	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	very	very	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
20	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
24	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	advcl	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	secondary	secondary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	university	university	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	jobs	job	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **criticise** | present · passive | the United Nations | Taliban |  |  |  | for example; for harsh rules; widely *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stop** | gerund | the United Nations *not said here* | girls and women |  |  |  | especially *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality girl=Eventuality |
| 3 | **go** | gerund | the United Nations *not said here* |  |  | secondary school and university and many jobs |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Taliban took control of Afghanistan in 2021.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taliban:x1:1
# text = The Taliban took control of Afghanistan in 2021.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Taliban	Taliban	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Afghanistan	Afghanistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	2021	2021	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the Taliban | control of Afghanistan |  | 2021 |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent control=Value in 2021=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Under the Taliban, many girls cannot go to secondary school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taliban:x2:1
# text = Under the Taliban, many girls cannot go to secondary school.
1	Under	under	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Taliban	Taliban	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	secondary	secondary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **go** | can | many girls |  |  | the Taliban |  | to secondary school | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Malala spoke out against the Taliban for girls' right to learn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taliban:x3:1
# text = Malala spoke out against the Taliban for girls' right to learn.
1	Malala	Malala	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Taliban	Taliban	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	'	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak out** *speech: other* | past | Malala |  |  |  |  | against the Taliban; for girls's right | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **learn** | to-infinitive | Malala *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many families left Afghanistan when the Taliban returned.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taliban:x4:1
# text = Many families left Afghanistan when the Taliban returned.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Afghanistan	Afghanistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Taliban	Taliban	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | Many families | Afghanistan |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent afghanistan=Theme |
| 2 | **return** | past | the Taliban |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The news report was about the Taliban and women's rights.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taliban:x5:1
# text = The news report was about the Taliban and women's rights.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Taliban	Taliban	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	rights	right	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the news report |  |  |  |  | about the Taliban and women's rights | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The United Nations has criticised the Taliban's rules on girls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taliban:x6:1
# text = The United Nations has criticised the Taliban's rules on girls.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	United	United	PROPN	NNP	_	3	compound	_	_
3	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	criticised	criticise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Taliban	Taliban	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **criticise** | present · perfect · passive |  | the United Nations |  |  |  | on girls | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** |  | the Taliban |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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