---
title: talking — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «talking» in the school dictionary: Saying words to people; speaking (the -ing form of talk). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# talking

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** act, you, We, talking, story, parrot · **What happens:** say, speak, form, talk, stop, listen · **To what, where:** words, ing form, talk, talking, library, talking cat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«talking» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [talking in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/talking.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saying words to people; speaking (the -ing form of talk).

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:talking:m1:1
# text = Saying words to people; speaking (the -ing form of talk).
1	Saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	ccomp	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	ing	ing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | words |  |  |  | to people | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  | the ing form of talk |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **form** |  |  | talk |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A noun: the act of speaking: «No talking in the library».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:talking:m2:1
# text = A noun: the act of speaking: «No talking in the library».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	talking	talking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | the act *not said here* | no talking |  | the library |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Adjective: able to talk: a talking doll, a talking animal in a story.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:talking:m3:1
# text = Adjective: able to talk: a talking doll, a talking animal in a story.
1	Adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
3	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	talking	talking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	doll	doll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	amod	_	_
13	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **talk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please stop talking and listen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:talking:x1:1
# text = Please stop talking and listen.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	listen	listen	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **talk** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **listen** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were talking about our holidays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:talking:x2:1
# text = We were talking about our holidays.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	holidays	holiday	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | past · progressive | We |  |  |  |  | about our holidays | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about holiday=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There's no talking in the library.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:talking:x3:1
# text = There's no talking in the library.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	talking	talking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | no talking |  |  | the library; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in library=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Talking to a trusted adult can help when you feel worried.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:talking:x4:1
# text = Talking to a trusted adult can help when you feel worried.
1	Talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	trusted	trust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
11	worried	worried	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to a trusted adult | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to adult=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **trust** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **help** | can | Talking |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **feel** | present | you |  |  |  |  | worried *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The story has a talking cat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:talking:x5:1
# text = The story has a talking cat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	talking	talking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the story | a talking cat |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My parrot is talking now!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:talking:x6:1
# text = My parrot is talking now!
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	parrot	parrot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | present · progressive | My parrot |  |  |  | now |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who are you talking to?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:talking:x7:1
# text = Who are you talking to?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	obl	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | present · progressive | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad gave me a talking-to for being rude.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:talking:x8:1
# text = Dad gave me a talking-to for being rude.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
5	talking	talking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	cop	_	_
10	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Dad |  | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | talking |  |  |  |  | rude *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"What are you talking about, batyushka?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:talking:x9:1
# text = "What are you talking about, batyushka?
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	obl	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	batyushka	batyushka	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk about** *in a quote* | present · progressive | you | batyushka |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent batyushka=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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