---
title: tamil — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tamil» in the school dictionary: Tamil is a language spoken by more than 70 million people, mainly in the state of Tamil Nadu in south India and in Sri Lanka, and also in Singapore, Malaysia and by communities in the UK, Canada and elsewhere. It is one of the oldest languages still spoken, with poe
---

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# tamil

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Tamil, people, friend, word, Tamil families, Tamil script · **What happens:** be, speak, describe, come, celebrate, cook · **To what, where:** language, state, one, oldest languages, person, Tamil · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«tamil» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tamil in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tamil.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tamil is a language spoken by more than 70 million people, mainly in the state of Tamil Nadu in south India and in Sri Lanka, and also in Singapore, Malaysia and by communities in the UK, Canada and elsewhere. It is one of the oldest languages still spoken, with poems over 2,000 years old.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Tamil is a language spoken by more than 70 million people, mainly in the state of Tamil Nadu in south India and in Sri Lanka, and also in Singapore, Malaysia and by communities in the UK, Canada and elsewhere.

<!-- fold The tree, 39 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tamil:m1:1
# text = Tamil is a language spoken by more than 70 million people, mainly in the state of Tamil Nadu in south India and in Sri Lanka, and also in Singapore, Malaysia and by communities in the UK, Canada and elsewhere.
1	Tamil	Tamil	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	10	advmod	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	70	70	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	compound	_	_
10	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	mainly	mainly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Tamil	Tamil	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	16	nmod	_	_
19	Nadu	Nadu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	south	South	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	compound	_	_
22	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Sri	Sri	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
26	Lanka	Lanka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
29	also	also	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Singapore	Singapore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	Malaysia	Malaysia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	by	by	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	communities	community	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
41	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	conj	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
43	elsewhere	elsewhere	ADV	RB	_	41	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Tamil | a language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | a language *not said here* |  | the state of Tamil |  | in south India and Sri | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It is one of the oldest languages still spoken, with poems over 2,000 years old.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tamil:m1:2
# text = It is one of the oldest languages still spoken, with poems over 2,000 years old.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
8	still	still	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	poems	poem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl:agent	_	_
13	over	over	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	2,000	2000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl:unmarked	_	_
16	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Tamil | one |  |  |  | of the oldest languages | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | the oldest languages *not said here* |  |  | still |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Tamil is a person whose people and language are Tamil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tamil:m2:1
# text = A Tamil is a person whose people and language are Tamil.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Tamil	Tamil	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	Tamil	Tamil	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a Tamil | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | people and language |  |  |  |  | tamil *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tamil describes the language, people or culture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tamil:m3:1
# text = Tamil describes the language, people or culture.
1	Tamil	Tamil	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Tamil | the language and people or culture |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent language=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tamil food, Tamil script.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tamil:m3e:1
# text = Tamil food, Tamil script.
1	Tamil	Tamil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	Tamil	Tamil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	script	script	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend speaks Tamil at home and English at school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tamil:x1:1
# text = My friend speaks Tamil at home and English at school.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Tamil	Tamil	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	3	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | My friend | Tamil |  | home at school and English |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tamil is an official language in Sri Lanka and Singapore.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tamil:x2:1
# text = Tamil is an official language in Sri Lanka and Singapore.
1	Tamil	Tamil	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Sri	Sri	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	Lanka	Lanka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	Singapore	Singapore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Tamil | a official language |  | Sri and Singapore |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word "curry" probably comes from a Tamil word.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tamil:x3:1
# text = The word "curry" probably comes from a Tamil word.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	curry	curry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	probably	probably	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Tamil	Tamil	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	11	compound	_	_
11	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the word |  |  | a Tamil word |  | probably *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from word=Initial\_Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tamil families celebrate Pongal by cooking sweet rice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tamil:x4:1
# text = Tamil families celebrate Pongal by cooking sweet rice.
1	Tamil	Tamil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	celebrate	celebrate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Pongal	Pongal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cooking	cook	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rice	rice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **celebrate** | present | Tamil families | Pongal |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pongal=Theme |
| 2 | **cook** | gerund | Tamil families *not said here* | sweet rice |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent rice=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Tamil script looks curly and round.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tamil:x5:1
# text = The Tamil script looks curly and round.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Tamil	Tamil	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	3	compound	_	_
3	script	script	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	curly	curly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	round	round	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | the Tamil script |  |  |  |  | curly *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chennai is the biggest Tamil-speaking city in India.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tamil:x6:1
# text = Chennai is the biggest Tamil-speaking city in India.
1	Chennai	Chennai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
5	Tamil	Tamil	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Chennai | the biggest Tamil speaking city |  | India |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tamil poems have been written for more than 2,000 years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tamil:x7:1
# text = Tamil poems have been written for more than 2,000 years.
1	Tamil	Tamil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	poems	poem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	9	advmod	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	2,000	2000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · perfect · passive |  | Tamil poems |  |  | year |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But in the Tamil version, the process is described as being of a different and double nature.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tamil:x8:1
# text = But in the Tamil version, the process is described as being of a different and double nature.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Tamil	Tamil	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	5	compound	_	_
5	version	version	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	described	describe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
12	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	cop	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
15	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	double	double	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	_
18	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present · passive |  | the process |  | the Tamil version |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of a different nature | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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