---
title: tanned — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tanned» in the school dictionary: Tanned skin has become darker after being in the sun. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tanned

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Tanned skin, Tanned leather, special treatment, She, tan, skin · **What happens:** tan, become, be, make, come back, look · **To what, where:** animal skin, leather, hide, Spain, arms, sign

<!-- .vabout -->
«tanned» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tanned in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tanned.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tanned skin has become darker after being in the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tanned:m1:1
# text = Tanned skin has become darker after being in the sun.
1	Tanned	tan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	darker	dark	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	cop	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tan** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **become** | present · perfect | Tanned skin |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  | after the sun. |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tanned leather is animal skin that has been made into leather by a special treatment.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tanned:m2:1
# text = Tanned leather is animal skin that has been made into leather by a special treatment.
1	Tanned	tan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	treatment	treatment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tan** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Tanned leather | animal skin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | present · perfect · passive | a special treatment | animal skin |  | leather |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent into leather=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, informal, old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To tan someone's hide is to beat them — an old rough phrase.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tanned:m3:1
# text = To tan someone's hide is to beat them — an old rough phrase.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	tan	tan	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	hide	hide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	beat	beat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	phrase	phrase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tan** | to-infinitive |  | someone's hide |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hide=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | a old rough phrase *obl*; beat *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She came back from Spain looking tanned.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tanned:x1:1
# text = She came back from Spain looking tanned.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	tanned	tan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come back** | past | She |  |  | Spain |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from spain=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **look** | gerund | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **tan** | participle | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His arms were tanned from working in the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tanned:x2:1
# text = His arms were tanned from working in the garden.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	tanned	tan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tan** | past · passive |  | His arms |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | in the garden | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in garden=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tan is a sign your skin has had too much sun, so wear sun cream.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tanned:x3:1
# text = A tan is a sign your skin has had too much sun, so wear sun cream.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tan	tan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	too	too	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
16	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tan | a sign |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present · perfect | your skin | much sun |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Patient |
| 3 | **wear** | infinitive |  | sun cream |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent cream=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The belt was made of tanned leather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tanned:x4:1
# text = The belt was made of tanned leather.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	tanned	tan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | the belt |  |  |  | of tanned leather | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **tan** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tanned surfer waved to us.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tanned:x5:1
# text = The tanned surfer waved to us.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tanned	tan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	surfer	surfer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	waved	wave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tan** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **wave** | participle |  | the tanned surfer *not said here* | us |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to we=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can get tanned even on a cloudy day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tanned:x6:1
# text = You can get tanned even on a cloudy day.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	get	get	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	tanned	tan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	even	even	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	cloudy	cloudy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tan** | can · passive |  | You |  |  | day |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But there he was, a young man, tanned and dusty with travel, in the uniform of an officer of the king’s guard.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tanned:x7:1
# text = But there he was, a young man, tanned and dusty with travel, in the uniform of an officer of the king’s guard.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	tanned	tan	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	travel	travel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	uniform	uniform	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	officer	officer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	’s	's	PART	POS	_	24	case	_	_
26	guard	guard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | a young man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tan** | past | a young man |  |  | the uniform of a officer of the king's guard |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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