---
title: tarpan — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tarpan» in the school dictionary: The tarpan was a wild horse that lived in Europe and western Asia, including the steppes of Ukraine and Russia; it is now extinct. The last known tarpan died in a zoo in Russia in 1909. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tarpan

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** tarpan, wild horse, last known tarpan, Tarpans, last tarpan, Hunting · **What happens:** be, live, know, die, run, help · **To what, where:** wild horse, Europe, steppes, tarpan, bit, dark stripe

<!-- .vabout -->
«tarpan» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tarpan in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tarpan.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tarpan was a wild horse that lived in Europe and western Asia, including the steppes of Ukraine and Russia; it is now extinct. The last known tarpan died in a zoo in Russia in 1909.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The tarpan was a wild horse that lived in Europe and western Asia, including the steppes of Ukraine and Russia; it is now extinct.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarpan:m1:1
# text = The tarpan was a wild horse that lived in Europe and western Asia, including the steppes of Ukraine and Russia; it is now extinct.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tarpan	tarpan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	including	including	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	steppes	steppe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
25	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	26	advmod	_	_
26	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the tarpan | a wild horse |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | past | a wild horse |  |  | Europe and western Asia |  | including the steppes of Ukraine and Russia | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in europe=Location |
| 3 | **is** | present | tarpan |  |  |  | now | extinct *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* The last known tarpan died in a zoo in Russia in 1909.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarpan:m1:2
# text = The last known tarpan died in a zoo in Russia in 1909.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	tarpan	tarpan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	1909	1909	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **die** | past | the last known tarpan |  |  |  |  | in 1909; in a zoo in Russia | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in zoo=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tarpan was a wild horse of Europe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarpan:x1:1
# text = The tarpan was a wild horse of Europe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tarpan	tarpan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the tarpan | a wild horse |  |  |  | of Europe | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tarpans once ran across the steppes of southern Ukraine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarpan:x2:1
# text = Tarpans once ran across the steppes of southern Ukraine.
1	Tarpans	tarpan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	advmod	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	steppes	steppe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | Tarpans |  |  | the steppes of southern Ukraine |  | once *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across steppe=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The last tarpan died in 1909.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarpan:x3:1
# text = The last tarpan died in 1909.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tarpan	tarpan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1909	1909	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | the last tarpan |  |  |  |  | in 1909 | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 1909=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hunting and farming helped make the tarpan extinct.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarpan:x4:1
# text = Hunting and farming helped make the tarpan extinct.
1	Hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	farming	farming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tarpan	tarpan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | Hunting and farming |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | infinitive | Hunting and farming *not said here* | the tarpan |  |  |  | extinct *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tarpan=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Konik ponies look a bit like the tarpan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarpan:x5:1
# text = Konik ponies look a bit like the tarpan.
1	Konik	Konik	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	ponies	pony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tarpan	tarpan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | Konik ponies | a bit |  |  |  | like the tarpan | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bit=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tarpan had a dark stripe down its back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarpan:x6:1
# text = The tarpan had a dark stripe down its back.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tarpan	tarpan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	stripe	stripe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the tarpan | a dark stripe |  |  |  | down tarpan's back | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stripe=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read about the tarpan in our lesson on extinct animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarpan:x7:1
# text = We read about the tarpan in our lesson on extinct animals.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tarpan	tarpan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | We |  |  | our lesson |  | about the tarpan; on extinct animals | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about tarpan=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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