---
title: tarsus — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tarsus» in the school dictionary: The tarsus is the group of small bones in the ankle and upper foot (science). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tarsus

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** tarsus, Bible, heel bone, insect, Christians, doctor · **What happens:** be, come, make, help, grip, read · **To what, where:** group, part, name, Tarsus, thin part, insect · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«tarsus» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tarsus in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tarsus.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tarsus is the group of small bones in the ankle and upper foot (science).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarsus:m1:1
# text = The tarsus is the group of small bones in the ankle and upper foot (science).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tarsus	tarsus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ankle	ankle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	upper	upper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the tarsus | the group |  |  |  | of small bones in the ankle and upper foot and science | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In birds and insects, the tarsus is a part of the leg near the foot.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarsus:m2:1
# text = In birds and insects, the tarsus is a part of the leg near the foot.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tarsus	tarsus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	near	near	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the tarsus | a part |  |  |  | in birds and insects; of the leg near the foot | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tarsus is also the name of an old city (now in Turkey); in the Bible, Saint Paul came from Tarsus.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarsus:m3:1
# text = Tarsus is also the name of an old city (now in Turkey); in the Bible, Saint Paul came from Tarsus.
1	Tarsus	tarsus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Turkey	Turkey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	Paul	Paul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	flat	_	_
22	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Tarsus	Tarsus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Tarsus | the name |  |  |  | of a old city | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | the Bible and Saint |  |  | Tarsus |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from tarsus=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tarsus is made of seven small bones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarsus:x1:1
# text = The tarsus is made of seven small bones.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tarsus	tarsus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | the tarsus |  |  |  | of seven small bones | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The heel bone is part of the tarsus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarsus:x2:1
# text = The heel bone is part of the tarsus.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	heel	heel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tarsus	tarsus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the heel bone | part |  |  |  | of the tarsus | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bird's tarsus is the thin part of its leg above the toes.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarsus:x3:1
# text = A bird's tarsus is the thin part of its leg above the toes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	tarsus	tarsus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	above	above	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a bird's tarsus | the thin part |  |  |  | of tarsus's leg above the toes | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An insect's tarsus helps it grip leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarsus:x4:1
# text = An insect's tarsus helps it grip leaves.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	tarsus	tarsus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	grip	grip	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a insect's tarsus | insect |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **grip** | infinitive | insect *not said here* | leaves |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Christians read that Paul was born in Tarsus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarsus:x5:1
# text = Christians read that Paul was born in Tarsus.
1	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	Paul	Paul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Tarsus	Tarsus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | Christians |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bear** | past · passive |  | Paul |  | Tarsus |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor said the X-ray of my tarsus was fine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tarsus:x6:1
# text = The doctor said the X-ray of my tarsus was fine.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	X	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	ray	ray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	tarsus	tarsus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the X ray of my tarsus |  |  |  |  | fine *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **ray** |  |  | my tarsus |  |  |  |  | nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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