---
title: taxation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «taxation» in the school dictionary: Taxation is the system of taking money (taxes) from people and businesses to pay for things a government provides. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# taxation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Taxation, system, government, people, High taxation, things · **What happens:** be, take, pay, provide, change, rule · **To what, where:** system, money, things, amount, rules, taxation

<!-- .vabout -->
«taxation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [taxation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/taxation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taxation is the system of taking money (taxes) from people and businesses to pay for things a government provides.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taxation:m1:1
# text = Taxation is the system of taking money (taxes) from people and businesses to pay for things a government provides.
1	Taxation	taxation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	taxes	tax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	businesses	business	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	provides	provide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Taxation | the system |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | gerund | the system *not said here* | money |  |  |  | from people and businesses | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent money=Theme from people=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **pay** | to-infinitive | the system *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for things | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for thing=Theme |
| 4 | **provide** | present | a government | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition thing=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taxation is the amount of money taken as tax.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taxation:m2:1
# text = Taxation is the amount of money taken as tax.
1	Taxation	taxation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	tax	tax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Taxation | the amount |  |  |  | of money | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | participle |  | money *not said here* |  |  |  | as tax | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent as tax=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taxation pays for schools and hospitals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taxation:x1:1
# text = Taxation pays for schools and hospitals.
1	Taxation	taxation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pays	pay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	hospitals	hospital	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | present | Taxation |  |  |  |  | for schools and hospitals | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for school=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The people were angry about unfair taxation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taxation:x2:1
# text = The people were angry about unfair taxation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	taxation	taxation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the people |  |  |  |  | about unfair taxation; angry *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The government changed its rules on taxation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taxation:x3:1
# text = The government changed its rules on taxation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	taxation	taxation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | the government | government's rules |  | taxation |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient |
| 2 | **rule** |  | government |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
High taxation can make things cost more.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taxation:x4:1
# text = High taxation can make things cost more.
1	High	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	taxation	taxation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	cost	cost	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | High taxation | things |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cost** | infinitive | things *not said here* | more |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme more=Value |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In history, taxation without a say in the government caused protests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taxation:x5:1
# text = In history, taxation without a say in the government caused protests.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	taxation	taxation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	say	say	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	protests	protest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past |  | protests |  | history and taxation without a say in the government |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition protest=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taxation is a big topic in elections.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taxation:x6:1
# text = Taxation is a big topic in elections.
1	Taxation	taxation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	topic	topic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	elections	election	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Taxation | a big topic |  | elections |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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