---
title: taxpayer — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «taxpayer» in the school dictionary: A person or business that pays taxes (money) to the government. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# taxpayer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, money, new bridge, worker, government, minister · **What happens:** pay, cost, be, spend, say, save · **To what, where:** taxes, taxpayer millions, taxpayer, money, taxpayers, % tax · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«taxpayer» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [taxpayer in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/taxpayer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person or business that pays taxes (money) to the government.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taxpayer:m1:1
# text = A person or business that pays taxes (money) to the government.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	pays	pay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	taxes	tax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | present | a person or business | taxes |  |  |  | to the government | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tax=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taxpayers' money pays for our school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taxpayer:x1:1
# text = Taxpayers' money pays for our school.
1	Taxpayers	taxpayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	pays	pay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | present | Taxpayers's money |  |  |  |  | for our school | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for school=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new bridge cost the taxpayer millions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taxpayer:x2:1
# text = The new bridge cost the taxpayer millions.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	cost	cost	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	taxpayer	taxpayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | the new bridge | the taxpayer millions |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme million=Value |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every worker is a taxpayer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taxpayer:x3:1
# text = Every worker is a taxpayer.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	worker	worker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	taxpayer	taxpayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | every worker | a taxpayer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The government must spend taxpayers' money wisely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taxpayer:x4:1
# text = The government must spend taxpayers' money wisely.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	spend	spend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	taxpayers	taxpayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	'	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	wisely	wisely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | must | the government | taxpayers's money |  |  |  | wisely *property* | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The minister said the plan would save taxpayers money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taxpayer:x5:1
# text = The minister said the plan would save taxpayers money.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	minister	minister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
8	taxpayers	taxpayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the minister |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **save** | would | the plan | taxpayers |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent taxpayer=Beneficiary money=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If a taxpayer earns £500 and pays 20% tax, she pays £100.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:taxpayer:x6:1
# text = If a taxpayer earns £500 and pays 20% tax, she pays £100.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	taxpayer	taxpayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	earns	earn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
5	£	£	SYM	$	_	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	500	500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	pays	pay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	tax	tax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
13	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	pays	pay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	£	£	SYM	$	_	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **earn** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a taxpayer |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent £=Theme |
| 2 | **pay** | present | a taxpayer *not said here* | % tax |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tax=Asset |
| 3 | **pay** | present | taxpayer |  |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent £=Asset |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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