---
title: tay — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tay» in the school dictionary: The River Tay is the longest river in Scotland (about 190 km), flowing past Perth and into the sea at Dundee; also Loch Tay and the Firth of Tay. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tay

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** River Tay, old Irish country way, Tay, Tay Bridge, Salmon, you · **What happens:** be, flow, say, fall down, swim, have · **To what, where:** longest river, Scotland, sea, storm, River Tay, cup · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«tay» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tay in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tay.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The River Tay is the longest river in Scotland (about 190 km), flowing past Perth and into the sea at Dundee; also Loch Tay and the Firth of Tay.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tay:m1:1
# text = The River Tay is the longest river in Scotland (about 190 km), flowing past Perth and into the sea at Dundee; also Loch Tay and the Firth of Tay.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Tay	Tay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	longest	long	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	about	about	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	190	190	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	km	km	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	flowing	flow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
17	past	past	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Perth	Perth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
23	at	at	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Dundee	Dundee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	also	also	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
27	Loch	Loch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	Tay	Tay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	Firth	firth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Tay	Tay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the River Tay | the longest river and Loch Tay and the Firth of Tay |  | Scotland |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **flow** | gerund | the River Tay *not said here* |  |  |  |  | past Perth and the sea at Dundee | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Irish English, dialect — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old Irish country way of saying and spelling «tea» — «a cup of tay».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tay:m2:1
# text = An old Irish country way of saying and spelling «tea» — «a cup of tay».
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
13	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	tay	tay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | a old Irish country way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The River Tay flows into the sea at Dundee.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tay:x1:1
# text = The River Tay flows into the sea at Dundee.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Tay	Tay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Dundee	Dundee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | the River Tay |  |  | the sea |  | at Dundee | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at dundee=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Tay is the longest river in Scotland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tay:x2:1
# text = The Tay is the longest river in Scotland.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Tay	Tay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	longest	long	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Tay | the longest river |  | Scotland |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Tay Bridge fell down in a storm in 1879.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tay:x3:1
# text = The Tay Bridge fell down in a storm in 1879.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Tay	Tay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Bridge	Bridge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	down	down	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	1879	1879	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall down** | past | the Tay Bridge |  |  | a storm |  | in 1879; down *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in storm=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salmon swim up the River Tay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tay:x4:1
# text = Salmon swim up the River Tay.
1	Salmon	salmon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swim	swim	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Tay	Tay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | present | Salmon |  |  | the River Tay |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme up tay=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Will you have a cup of tay?» asked the old farmer.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tay:x5:1
# text = «Will you have a cup of tay?» asked the old farmer.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	tay	tay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
11	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | future | you | a cup of tay |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cup=Patient |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the old farmer |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drove along the banks of Loch Tay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tay:x6:1
# text = We drove along the banks of Loch Tay.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	along	along	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	banks	bank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Loch	Loch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Tay	Tay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past | We |  |  | the banks of Loch Tay |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent along bank=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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