---
title: telescope — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «telescope» in the school dictionary: A tube with lenses or mirrors that makes far-away things, like stars and planets, look bigger and closer. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# telescope

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lenses, We, Galileo, Hubble Space Telescope, telescope, stars · **What happens:** make, look, use, see, take, work · **To what, where:** things, telescope, moons, photos, small telescope, one eye

<!-- .vabout -->
«telescope» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [telescope in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/telescope.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tube with lenses or mirrors that makes far-away things, like stars and planets, look bigger and closer.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telescope:m1:1
# text = A tube with lenses or mirrors that makes far-away things, like stars and planets, look bigger and closer.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tube	tube	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	lenses	lens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	mirrors	mirror	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	away	away	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	appos	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	planets	planet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
20	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	xcomp	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | lenses or mirrors | things |  |  |  | away *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thing=Product |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We looked at the Moon through a telescope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telescope:x1:1
# text = We looked at the Moon through a telescope.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	telescope	telescope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | We |  |  |  |  | through a telescope; at the Moon | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at moon=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Galileo used a telescope to see Jupiter's moons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telescope:x2:1
# text = Galileo used a telescope to see Jupiter's moons.
1	Galileo	Galileo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	telescope	telescope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	Jupiter	Jupiter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	moons	moon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Galileo | a telescope |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent telescope=Patient |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | Galileo *not said here* | Jupiter's moons |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer moon=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Hubble Space Telescope takes photos of faraway galaxies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telescope:x3:1
# text = The Hubble Space Telescope takes photos of faraway galaxies.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Hubble	Hubble	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	Space	Space	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Telescope	Telescope	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	faraway	faraway	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	galaxies	galaxy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | the Hubble Space Telescope | photos of faraway galaxies |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent photo=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My telescope makes the stars look brighter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telescope:x4:1
# text = My telescope makes the stars look brighter.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	telescope	telescope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	brighter	bright	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | My telescope |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | present | the stars |  |  |  |  | bright *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pirates used a small telescope to look for ships.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telescope:x5:1
# text = Pirates used a small telescope to look for ships.
1	Pirates	pirate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	telescope	telescope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Pirates | a small telescope |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent telescope=Patient |
| 2 | **look** | to-infinitive | Pirates *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for ships | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for ship=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Astronomers work with huge telescopes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telescope:x6:1
# text = Astronomers work with huge telescopes.
1	Astronomers	astronomer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	telescopes	telescope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | Astronomers |  |  |  |  | with huge telescopes | vn cooperate-73.1-3 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme»: agent=Agent with telescope=Co-Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now the Wicked Witch of the West had but one eye, yet that was as powerful as a telescope, and could see everywhere.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telescope:x7:1
# text = Now the Wicked Witch of the West had but one eye, yet that was as powerful as a telescope, and could see everywhere.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	as	as	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	telescope	telescope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
25	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	24	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the Wicked Witch of the West | one eye |  |  | now |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | that |  |  |  |  | as a telescope; powerful *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **see** | could | the Wicked Witch of the West *not said here* |  |  |  |  | everywhere *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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