---
title: telling — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «telling» in the school dictionary: Saying or reporting something: «She is telling a story». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# telling

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** She, people, act, wolf, that, telling · **What happens:** say, report, tell, show, mean, have · **To what, where:** something, story, telling remark, strong effect, telling, tale · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«telling» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [telling in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/telling.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb form — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saying or reporting something: «She is telling a story».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telling:m1:1
# text = Saying or reporting something: «She is telling a story».
1	Saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	reporting	report	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **report** | gerund | She *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present · progressive | She | a story |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Showing something important, often more than people meant to show: «a telling remark».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telling:m2:1
# text = Showing something important, often more than people meant to show: «a telling remark».
1	Showing	show	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	obj	_	_
7	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	amod	_	_
16	remark	remark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent something=Recipient more=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | past | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **show** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | a telling remark |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent remark=Recipient |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having a strong effect: «a telling blow».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telling:m3:1
# text = Having a strong effect: «a telling blow».
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
9	blow	blow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | a strong effect |  |  |  | a telling blow *obl* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of telling a story: «In this telling of the tale, the wolf is kind».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telling:m4:1
# text = The act of telling a story: «In this telling of the tale, the wolf is kind».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	In	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	telling	telling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | the act *not said here* | a story |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the wolf |  |  | this telling of the tale |  | kind *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **tell** *in a quote* |  |  | the tale |  |  |  |  | nom telling «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: phrase — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«telling off» = a scolding (UK, Australia); «that's telling him» = a sharp reply; «there's no telling» = no way to know.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telling:m5:1
# text = «telling off» = a scolding (UK, Australia); «that's telling him» = a sharp reply; «there's no telling» = no way to know.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	29	csubj	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	7	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	scolding	scolding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
20	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	23	punct	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	reply	reply	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	27	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
28	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	29	det	_	_
29	telling	telling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
31	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	33	punct	_	_
32	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	33	det	_	_
33	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	appos	_	_
34	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
35	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell off** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | gerund |  | a scolding |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present · progressive | that | a sharp reply | Australia |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | telling | no telling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **know** | to-infinitive | telling *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Did not need twice telling" means a person did what they were asked straight away.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telling:m6:1
# text = "Did not need twice telling" means a person did what they were asked straight away.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	csubj	_	_
5	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
6	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
12	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	obj	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	asked	ask	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	away	away	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **need** *in a quote* | past · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* *not said to happen, in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | twice *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **do** | past | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 5 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past · passive |  | they |  |  |  | away *property* | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad is telling us a story about the war.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telling:x1:1
# text = Grandad is telling us a story about the war.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · progressive | Grandad | a story | us |  |  | about the war | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient story=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She said nothing, but her silence was telling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telling:x2:1
# text = She said nothing, but her silence was telling.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | She | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent nothing=Topic |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · progressive | her silence |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **silence** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom silence «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The muddy footprints were a telling clue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telling:x3:1
# text = The muddy footprints were a telling clue.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	footprints	footprint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	telling	telling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	clue	clue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the muddy footprints | a telling clue |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I got a telling-off from Mum for leaving my bike out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telling:x4:1
# text = I got a telling-off from Mum for leaving my bike out.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	telling	telling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	off	off	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | I | a telling off |  |  |  | from Mum | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent off=Theme from mum=Source |
| 2 | **leave out** | gerund | I *not said here* | my bike |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bike=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There's no telling what the cat will do next.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telling:x5:1
# text = There's no telling what the cat will do next.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	obj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
10	next	next	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present |  |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** | future | the cat |  |  |  |  | next *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In this telling of Cinderella, the stepsisters are nice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telling:x6:1
# text = In this telling of Cinderella, the stepsisters are nice.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	telling	telling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Cinderella	Cinderella	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	stepsisters	stepsister	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	nice	nice	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the stepsisters |  |  | this telling of Cinderella |  | nice *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** |  |  | Cinderella |  |  |  |  | nom telling «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are learning telling the time in class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telling:x7:1
# text = We are learning telling the time in class.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present · progressive | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  | class | time |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The man did not need twice telling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:telling:x8:1
# text = The man did not need twice telling.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	7	advmod	_	_
7	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **need** | past · do-support | the man |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | gerund | the man *not said here* |  |  |  |  | twice *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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