---
title: temperament — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «temperament» in the school dictionary: A person's or animal's usual nature and mood, the way they normally feel and behave. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# temperament

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** nature, dog, She, Horses, twins, goalkeeper · **What happens:** feel, behave, be, have, love, get · **To what, where:** way, gentle temperament, children, calm temperament, different temperaments, right temperament

<!-- .vabout -->
«temperament» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [temperament in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/temperament.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person's or animal's usual nature and mood, the way they normally feel and behave.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperament:m1:1
# text = A person's or animal's usual nature and mood, the way they normally feel and behave.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	mood	mood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	normally	normally	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	behave	behave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | present | nature | the way *not said here* |  |  |  | normally *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme |
| 2 | **behave** | present | nature *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being moody or easily upset: «a fit of temperament».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperament:m2:1
# text = Being moody or easily upset: «a fit of temperament».
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	moody	moody	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	csubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fit	fit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	temperament	temperament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | moody *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our dog has a gentle temperament and loves children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperament:x1:1
# text = Our dog has a gentle temperament and loves children.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	temperament	temperament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our dog | a gentle temperament |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperament=Patient |
| 2 | **love** | present | Our dog *not said here* | children |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer child=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has a calm temperament and rarely gets cross.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperament:x2:1
# text = She has a calm temperament and rarely gets cross.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	temperament	temperament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	rarely	rarely	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	cross	cross	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | She | a calm temperament |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperament=Patient |
| 2 | **get** | present | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | cross, rarely *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Horses with a nervous temperament spook easily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperament:x3:1
# text = Horses with a nervous temperament spook easily.
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	nervous	nervous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	temperament	temperament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
6	spook	spook	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spook** | infinitive | Horses |  |  |  |  | with a nervous temperament; easily *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The twins look alike but have different temperaments.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperament:x4:1
# text = The twins look alike but have different temperaments.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	twins	twin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	alike	alike	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	temperaments	temperament	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | the twins |  |  |  |  | alike *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **have** | present | the twins *not said here* | different temperaments |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperament=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A goalkeeper needs the right temperament for penalties.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperament:x5:1
# text = A goalkeeper needs the right temperament for penalties.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	goalkeeper	goalkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	temperament	temperament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	penalties	penalty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | a goalkeeper | the right temperament |  |  |  | for penalties | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot temperament=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had a fiery temperament as a child.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperament:x6:1
# text = He had a fiery temperament as a child.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fiery	fiery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	temperament	temperament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | He | a fiery temperament |  |  |  | as a child | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperament=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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