---
title: temperature — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «temperature» in the school dictionary: Temperature tells how hot or cold something is. We measure it in degrees with a thermometer. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# temperature

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Temperature, something, We, body temperature, It, Water · **What happens:** tell, be, measure, have, run, mean · **To what, where:** it, degrees, normal 37 degrees, temperature, fever, 15 degrees · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«temperature» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [temperature in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/temperature.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Temperature tells how hot or cold something is. We measure it in degrees with a thermometer.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Temperature tells how hot or cold something is.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperature:m1:1
# text = Temperature tells how hot or cold something is.
1	Temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
4	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | Temperature |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* We measure it in degrees with a thermometer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperature:m1:2
# text = We measure it in degrees with a thermometer.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	measure	measure	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	thermometer	thermometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | present | We | it |  | degrees |  | with a thermometer | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme it=Value |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your body temperature is how warm your body is; normal is about 37 degrees Celsius.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperature:m2:1
# text = Your body temperature is how warm your body is; normal is about 37 degrees Celsius.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
6	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	normal	normal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	about	about	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	37	37	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
16	Celsius	Celsius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Your body temperature |  |  |  |  | warm *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | normal 37 degrees |  |  |  | Celsius *nmod:unmarked* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To have a temperature (or run a temperature) means to have a fever.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperature:m3:1
# text = To have a temperature (or run a temperature) means to have a fever.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	run	run	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	appos	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
11	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	fever	fever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | a temperature |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperature=Patient |
| 2 | **run** | infinitive |  | a temperature |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme temperature=Trajectory |
| 3 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **have** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | a fever |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fever=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The temperature was 15 degrees in the morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperature:x1:1
# text = The temperature was 15 degrees in the morning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the temperature | 15 degrees |  |  | morning |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It rose by 8 degrees by noon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperature:x2:1
# text = It rose by 8 degrees by noon.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	noon	noon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | past | It |  |  |  | noon | by 8 degrees | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by degree=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At night the temperature fell 10 degrees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperature:x3:1
# text = At night the temperature fell 10 degrees.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | the temperature | 10 degrees |  |  | night |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How much warmer is it now?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperature:x4:1
# text = How much warmer is it now?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	warmer	warm	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
6	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  | now | much *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water freezes at a temperature of 0 °C.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperature:x5:1
# text = Water freezes at a temperature of 0 °C.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	freezes	freeze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	°	°	SYM	SYM	_	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	C.	c.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | present | Water |  |  | a temperature of 0 ° C. |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nurse took my temperature.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperature:x6:1
# text = The nurse took my temperature.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the nurse | my temperature |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperature=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bake the cake at a temperature of 180 degrees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperature:x7:1
# text = Bake the cake at a temperature of 180 degrees.
1	Bake	bake	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	180	180	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bake** | imperative | you *not said here* | the cake |  | a temperature of 180 degrees |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The temperature in the Arctic can drop to −40 degrees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:temperature:x8:1
# text = The temperature in the Arctic can drop to −40 degrees.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	drop	drop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	−	−	SYM	SYM	_	10	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | can | the temperature in the Arctic | 40 degrees |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent degree=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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