---
title: tenement — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tenement» in the school dictionary: A tenement is a large old building divided into many flats, especially one that was crowded and often poor, as in Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dublin or New York in the past. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tenement

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** tenement, spirit, Many families, great great grandparents, Gran, tenements · **What happens:** be, divide, share, mean, live in, live · **To what, where:** large old building, many flats, block, body, crowded tenements, one room

<!-- .vabout -->
«tenement» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tenement in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tenement.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tenement is a large old building divided into many flats, especially one that was crowded and often poor, as in Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dublin or New York in the past.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tenement:m1:1
# text = A tenement is a large old building divided into many flats, especially one that was crowded and often poor, as in Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dublin or New York in the past.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tenement	tenement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	divided	divide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	flats	flat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	conj	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	crowded	crowded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	acl:relcl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	often	often	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	as	as	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Glasgow	Glasgow	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	Edinburgh	Edinburgh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	Dublin	Dublin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	flat	_	_
31	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tenement | a large old building |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **divide** | participle |  | a large old building *not said here* |  | many flats |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | as Glasgow in the past and Edinburgh and Dublin or New York; crowded *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  | often *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Scotland — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tenement is any block of flats several floors high with a shared stair (a close).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tenement:m2:1
# text = A tenement is any block of flats several floors high with a shared stair (a close).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tenement	tenement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	block	block	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	flats	flat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	floors	floor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	shared	share	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	stair	stair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tenement | any block |  |  |  | of flats | tree rules |
| 2 | **share** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tenement can also mean the body that a spirit lives in, an old-fashioned or poetic use.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tenement:m3:1
# text = A tenement can also mean the body that a spirit lives in, an old-fashioned or poetic use.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tenement	tenement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	in	in	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
15	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	poetic	poetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	_
20	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | a tenement | the body and a fashioned use |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Topic |
| 2 | **live in** | present | a spirit | the body and a fashioned use |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme that=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many families lived in crowded tenements in Victorian Glasgow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tenement:x1:1
# text = Many families lived in crowded tenements in Victorian Glasgow.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	crowded	crowded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tenements	tenement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Victorian	Victorian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Glasgow	Glasgow	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | Many families |  |  | crowded tenements in Victorian Glasgow |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tenement=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our great-great-grandparents had one room in a tenement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tenement:x2:1
# text = Our great-great-grandparents had one room in a tenement.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	grandparents	grandparent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	tenement	tenement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Our great great grandparents | one room |  | a tenement |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent room=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tenement had a shared toilet on each landing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tenement:x3:1
# text = The tenement had a shared toilet on each landing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tenement	tenement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	shared	share	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	toilet	toilet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	landing	landing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the tenement | a shared toilet |  | each landing |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toilet=Patient |
| 2 | **share** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran grew up in a tenement flat in Edinburgh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tenement:x4:1
# text = Gran grew up in a tenement flat in Edinburgh.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tenement	tenement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Edinburgh	Edinburgh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow up** | past | Gran |  |  | a tenement |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tenement=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
New York's tenements were full of new immigrants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tenement:x5:1
# text = New York's tenements were full of new immigrants.
1	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
2	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	tenements	tenement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | New York's tenements |  |  |  |  | of new immigrants; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old tenement has been turned into smart flats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tenement:x6:1
# text = The old tenement has been turned into smart flats.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tenement	tenement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	smart	smart	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	flats	flat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present · perfect · passive |  | the old tenement |  | smart flats |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme into flat=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Russian peasants have very confused ideas about the local habitation of the disembodied spirit, after its former tenement has been laid in the grave.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tenement:x7:1
# text = The Russian peasants have very confused ideas about the local habitation of the disembodied spirit, after its former tenement has been laid in the grave.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	peasants	peasant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	confused	confused	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	habitation	habitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	disembodied	disembody	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
17	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
18	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	tenement	tenement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the Russian peasants | confused ideas |  |  |  | about the local habitation of the disembodied spirit | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient |
| 2 | **disembody** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **lay** | present · perfect · passive |  | spirit's former tenement |  | the grave |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in grave=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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