---
title: tense — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tense» in the school dictionary: Nervous, worried and unable to relax (I felt tense before the test). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tense

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, people, verb, you, tense shoulders, Ran · **What happens:** relax, feel, stretch, make, tense, show · **To what, where:** tense, test, people, muscles, arms, present

<!-- .vabout -->
«tense» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tense in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tense.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nervous, worried and unable to relax (I felt tense before the test).

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tense:m1:1
# text = Nervous, worried and unable to relax (I felt tense before the test).
1	Nervous	nervous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	worried	worried	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	relax	relax	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
11	tense	tense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	before	before	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **relax** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **feel** | past | I | tense |  | the test |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent tense=Theme before test=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stretched tight; not relaxed (tense muscles).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tense:m2:1
# text = Stretched tight; not relaxed (tense muscles).
1	Stretched	stretch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	tight	tight	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	relaxed	relaxed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	tense	tense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | tight *property* | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Making people feel nervous or full of suspense (a tense moment in the film).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tense:m3:1
# text = Making people feel nervous or full of suspense (a tense moment in the film).
1	Making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	nervous	nervous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	suspense	suspense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	tense	tense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | nervous *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make your muscles tight (tense your arms).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tense:m4:1
# text = To make your muscles tight (tense your arms).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	tight	tight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	tense	tense	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | your muscles |  |  |  | tight *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset muscle=Product |
| 2 | **tense** | infinitive |  | your arms |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent arm=Patient |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tense: the form of a verb that shows time — past, present or future (I walked, I walk, I will walk).

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tense:m5:1
# text = Tense: the form of a verb that shows time — past, present or future (I walked, I walk, I will walk).
1	Tense	tense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	past	past	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	future	future	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a verb |  |  |  | time |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **walk** | past | I | present or future *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme present=Trajectory |
| 3 | **walk** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **walk** | future | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **form** |  |  | a verb |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I always feel tense before a spelling test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tense:x1:1
# text = I always feel tense before a spelling test.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	tense	tense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | present | I | tense |  | a spelling test |  | always *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent tense=Theme before test=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Breathe slowly and let your tense shoulders relax.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tense:x2:1
# text = Breathe slowly and let your tense shoulders relax.
1	Breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	tense	tense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	relax	relax	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your tense shoulders |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **relax** | infinitive | your tense shoulders *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Ran» is the past tense of «run».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tense:x3:1
# text = «Ran» is the past tense of «run».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ran	Ran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	tense	tense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ran | the past tense |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** *in a quote* | infinitive | the past tense *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write your story in the past tense.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tense:x4:1
# text = Write your story in the past tense.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	tense	tense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | your story |  | the past tense |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent story=Theme in tense=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The last minute of the match was very tense.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tense:x5:1
# text = The last minute of the match was very tense.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	tense	tense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the last minute of the match |  |  |  |  | tense *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tense your muscles, then let them go floppy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tense:x6:1
# text = Tense your muscles, then let them go floppy.
1	Tense	tense	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
6	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	floppy	floppy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tense** | imperative | you *not said here* | your muscles |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent muscle=Patient |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive | you *not said here* | muscles *= muscle* |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive | muscles *= muscle* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | floppy *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat tensed, ready to jump.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tense:x7:1
# text = The cat tensed, ready to jump.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	tensed	tense	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tense** | participle |  | the cat *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **jump** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The watcher stood beside, staring with his tense face and unwinking, lidless eye.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tense:x8:1
# text = The watcher stood beside, staring with his tense face and unwinking, lidless eye.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	watcher	watcher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	staring	stare	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	tense	tense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	unwinking	unwinking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	lidless	lidless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | the watcher |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stare** | gerund | the watcher *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with watcher's tense face and unwinking and lidless eye | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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