---
title: terrain — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «terrain» in the school dictionary: A stretch of land, especially as to what it is like: hilly, rocky, flat, muddy or rough. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# terrain

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** land, Algebra, hikers, terrain, terrain vehicle, soldiers · **What happens:** be, cross, make, drive, know, show · **To what, where:** new terrain, rocky terrain, Mountain bikes, sand, terrain

<!-- .vabout -->
«terrain» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [terrain in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/terrain.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stretch of land, especially as to what it is like: hilly, rocky, flat, muddy or rough.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:terrain:m1:1
# text = A stretch of land, especially as to what it is like: hilly, rocky, flat, muddy or rough.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stretch	stretch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
14	hilly	hilly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	rocky	rocky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | land |  |  |  |  | hilly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | land *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | land *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | land *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An area of knowledge or activity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:terrain:m2:1
# text = An area of knowledge or activity.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Algebra was new terrain for her."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:terrain:m2e:1
# text = "Algebra was new terrain for her."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Algebra	Algebra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	terrain	terrain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | Algebra | new terrain |  |  |  | for her *= she* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hikers crossed rocky terrain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:terrain:x1:1
# text = The hikers crossed rocky terrain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hikers	hiker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rocky	rocky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	terrain	terrain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | past | the hikers | rocky terrain |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent terrain=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mountain bikes are made for rough terrain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:terrain:x2:1
# text = Mountain bikes are made for rough terrain.
1	Mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	bikes	bike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	terrain	terrain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Mountain bikes |  |  |  | for rough terrain | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: subject=Product for terrain=Asset |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The terrain in the Outback is dry and flat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:terrain:x3:1
# text = The terrain in the Outback is dry and flat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	terrain	terrain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Outback	Outback	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the terrain in the Outback |  |  |  |  | dry *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the terrain in the Outback *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An all-terrain vehicle can drive over sand and mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:terrain:x4:1
# text = An all-terrain vehicle can drive over sand and mud.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	terrain	terrain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	drive	drive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | can | a terrain vehicle |  |  | sand and mud |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over sand=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soldiers knew the terrain well.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:terrain:x5:1
# text = The soldiers knew the terrain well.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	terrain	terrain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | the soldiers | the terrain |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer terrain=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The map shows the terrain with contour lines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:terrain:x6:1
# text = The map shows the terrain with contour lines.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	terrain	terrain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	contour	contour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the map | the terrain |  |  |  | with contour lines | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent terrain=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coding was new terrain for our class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:terrain:x7:1
# text = Coding was new terrain for our class.
1	Coding	coding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	terrain	terrain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Coding | new terrain |  |  |  | for our class | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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