---
title: tester — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tester» in the school dictionary: A tester is a person whose job is to test things, like games, apps, food or cars, to find problems. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tester

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** tester, job, you, game tester, Mum, We · **What happens:** be, find, try, buy, choose, show · **To what, where:** person, problems, small sample, tool, canopy, top · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«tester» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tester in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tester.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tester is a person whose job is to test things, like games, apps, food or cars, to find problems.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tester:m1:1
# text = A tester is a person whose job is to test things, like games, apps, food or cars, to find problems.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tester	tester	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	test	test	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
11	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	apps	app	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
24	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tester | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | a person's job |  |  |  |  | like games and apps and food or cars; test *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **find** | to-infinitive | a person's job *not said here* | problems |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tester is a small sample of a product, such as perfume or paint, that you can try before you buy.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tester:m2:1
# text = A tester is a small sample of a product, such as perfume or paint, that you can try before you buy.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tester	tester	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sample	sample	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	product	product	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	perfume	perfume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	parataxis	_	_
21	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	buy	buy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tester | a small sample |  |  |  | of a product | tree rules |
| 2 | **try** | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **buy** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tester can be a tool or device for testing, such as a battery tester.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tester:m3:1
# text = A tester can be a tool or device for testing, such as a battery tester.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tester	tester	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	testing	testing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	tester	tester	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a tester | a tool or device and a battery tester |  |  |  | for testing | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tester is the canopy or cover over the top of a four-poster bed.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tester:m4:1
# text = A tester is the canopy or cover over the top of a four-poster bed.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tester	tester	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	canopy	canopy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
13	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	poster	poster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tester | the canopy or cover |  | the top of a poster bed |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The game tester found a bug in level three.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tester:x1:1
# text = The game tester found a bug in level three.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tester	tester	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bug	bug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | the game tester | a bug |  | level |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bug=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum tried a perfume tester in the shop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tester:x2:1
# text = Mum tried a perfume tester in the shop.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	perfume	perfume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	tester	tester	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | past | Mum | a perfume tester |  | the shop |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tester=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We bought small paint testers to choose a colour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tester:x3:1
# text = We bought small paint testers to choose a colour.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	testers	tester	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	choose	choose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | We | small paint testers |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tester=Theme |
| 2 | **choose** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | a colour |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The battery tester showed the battery was flat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tester:x4:1
# text = The battery tester showed the battery was flat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tester	tester	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the battery tester |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the battery |  |  |  |  | flat *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Testers check that toys are safe for children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tester:x5:1
# text = Testers check that toys are safe for children.
1	Testers	tester	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	check	check	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | present | Testers |  |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | toys |  |  |  |  | for children; safe *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Software testers try to break programs on purpose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tester:x6:1
# text = Software testers try to break programs on purpose.
1	Software	software	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	testers	tester	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	try	try	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	programs	program	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | present | Software testers |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **break** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Software testers *not said here* | programs |  | purpose |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer program=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So when Jan came home, she up and said to him, "Jan, what is that bag of groats on the tester for?"

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tester:x7:1
# text = So when Jan came home, she up and said to him, "Jan, what is that bag of groats on the tester for?"
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
3	Jan	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	home	home	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Jan	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	20	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	groats	groat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
23	on	on	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	tester	tester	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come up** | past | Jan |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | Jan *not said here* |  | him *= he* |  | january |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Jan | that bag |  |  |  | of groats on the tester | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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