---
title: testosterone — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «testosterone» in the school dictionary: Testosterone is a hormone, a chemical messenger in the body. Men and boys have much more of it, but women and girls have some too. It helps the body grow muscles and bones and causes many changes in boys during puberty, like a deeper voice and facial hair. Ev
---

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# testosterone

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Testosterone, Men, women, more, body, Girls · **What happens:** be, have, help, grow, cause, make · **To what, where:** hormone, more, some, body, muscles, many changes

<!-- .vabout -->
«testosterone» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [testosterone in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/testosterone.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Testosterone is a hormone, a chemical messenger in the body. Men and boys have much more of it, but women and girls have some too. It helps the body grow muscles and bones and causes many changes in boys during puberty, like a deeper voice and facial hair.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Testosterone is a hormone, a chemical messenger in the body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:testosterone:m1:1
# text = Testosterone is a hormone, a chemical messenger in the body.
1	Testosterone	testosterone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hormone	hormone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	messenger	messenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Testosterone | a hormone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Men and boys have much more of it, but women and girls have some too.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:testosterone:m1:2
# text = Men and boys have much more of it, but women and girls have some too.
1	Men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	much	much	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	obj	_	_
16	too	too	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Men and boys | more of hormone |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | present | women and girls | some |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* It helps the body grow muscles and bones and causes many changes in boys during puberty, like a deeper voice and facial hair.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:testosterone:m1:3
# text = It helps the body grow muscles and bones and causes many changes in boys during puberty, like a deeper voice and facial hair.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	changes	change	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
15	during	during	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	puberty	puberty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	deeper	deep	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	21	amod	_	_
21	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	parataxis	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	facial	facial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | more | the body |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent body=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | infinitive | the body *not said here* | muscles and bones |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location muscle=Theme |
| 3 | **cause** | present | more *not said here* | many changes |  |  | during puberty | in boys | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition change=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Testosterone is a hormone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:testosterone:x1:1
# text = Testosterone is a hormone.
1	Testosterone	testosterone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hormone	hormone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Testosterone | a hormone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During puberty, testosterone makes boys' voices deeper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:testosterone:x2:1
# text = During puberty, testosterone makes boys' voices deeper.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	puberty	puberty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	testosterone	testosterone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	voices	voice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
9	deeper	deep	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | testosterone | boys's voices |  |  | during puberty |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset voice=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Girls have some testosterone too, just less.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:testosterone:x3:1
# text = Girls have some testosterone too, just less.
1	Girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	testosterone	testosterone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Girls | some testosterone |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent testosterone=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Athletes are not allowed to take extra testosterone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:testosterone:x4:1
# text = Athletes are not allowed to take extra testosterone.
1	Athletes	athlete	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	testosterone	testosterone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **allow** | present · passive |  | Athletes |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **take** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Athletes *not said here* | extra testosterone |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent testosterone=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hormones like testosterone travel in the blood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:testosterone:x5:1
# text = Hormones like testosterone travel in the blood.
1	Hormones	hormone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	like	like	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	testosterone	testosterone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	travel	travel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Testosterone helps build muscle and bone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:testosterone:x6:1
# text = Testosterone helps build muscle and bone.
1	Testosterone	testosterone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	muscle	muscle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Testosterone |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **build** | infinitive | Testosterone *not said here* | muscle and bone |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset muscle=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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