---
title: textbook — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «textbook» in the school dictionary: A book used by pupils and students to study a subject. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# textbook

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, you, science textbook, pilot, That, I · **What happens:** use, study, be, open, have, make · **To what, where:** book, subject, perfect example, maths textbooks, page, great pictures

<!-- .vabout -->
«textbook» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [textbook in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/textbook.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A book used by pupils and students to study a subject.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:textbook:m1:1
# text = A book used by pupils and students to study a subject.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	students	student	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	study	study	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | a book *not said here* |  |  |  | by pupils and students | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **study** | to-infinitive |  | a subject |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exactly as it should be, a perfect example: «a textbook goal».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:textbook:m2:1
# text = Exactly as it should be, a perfect example: «a textbook goal».
1	Exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
2	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
4	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	perfect	perfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	textbook	textbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | should | it | a perfect example |  |  |  | exactly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please open your maths textbooks at page 32.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:textbook:x1:1
# text = Please open your maths textbooks at page 32.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	open	open	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	compound	_	_
5	textbooks	textbook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	32	32	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | imperative | you *not said here* | your maths textbooks |  | page |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent textbook=Theme at page=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My science textbook has great pictures of the solar system.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:textbook:x2:1
# text = My science textbook has great pictures of the solar system.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	textbook	textbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	solar	solar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My science textbook | great pictures of the solar system |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pilot made a textbook landing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:textbook:x3:1
# text = The pilot made a textbook landing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	textbook	textbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	landing	landing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the pilot | a textbook landing |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset landing=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That was a textbook example of good teamwork.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:textbook:x4:1
# text = That was a textbook example of good teamwork.
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	textbook	textbook	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	teamwork	teamwork	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | That | a textbook example |  |  |  | of good teamwork | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I left my textbook at school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:textbook:x5:1
# text = I left my textbook at school.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	textbook	textbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | I | my textbook |  | school |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent textbook=Theme at school=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The textbook explains fractions step by step.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:textbook:x6:1
# text = The textbook explains fractions step by step.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	textbook	textbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	explains	explain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	fractions	fraction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present | the textbook | fractions |  |  |  | by step | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If each textbook weighs 800 g, five textbooks weigh 4 kg.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:textbook:x7:1
# text = If each textbook weighs 800 g, five textbooks weigh 4 kg.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	textbook	textbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	weighs	weigh	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
5	800	800	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	g	G	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	textbooks	textbook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	weigh	weigh	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	kg	kg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weigh** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | each textbook | 800 g |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme g=Value |
| 2 | **weigh** | present | five textbooks | 4 kg |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kg=Value |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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