---
title: them — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «them» in the school dictionary: Them means the people or things already spoken about, more than one. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# them

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Them, you, person, 'em, sweets, Exams · **What happens:** mean, speak, use, not know, say, be · **To what, where:** people, things, Them, boy, short way, 'em · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«them» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [them in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/them.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Them means the people or things already spoken about, more than one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:m1:1
# text = Them means the people or things already spoken about, more than one.
1	Them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	already	already	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	about	about	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	13	advmod	_	_
12	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Them *= they* | the people or things |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Topic |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | things *not said here* |  |  |  | about *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Them can be used for one person when you do not know or say if it is a boy or a girl.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:m2:1
# text = Them can be used for one person when you do not know or say if it is a boy or a girl.
1	Them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
15	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	ccomp	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | can · passive |  | Them *= they* |  |  |  | for one person | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for person=Eventuality |
| 2 | **not** **know** | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | person | a boy or a girl |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«'em» is a short way to say «them»: «give 'em here».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:m3:1
# text = «'em» is a short way to say «them»: «give 'em here».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'em	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	parataxis	_	_
16	'em	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	iobj	_	_
17	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | 'em *= they* | a short way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent they=Topic |
| 3 | **give** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  | 'em *= they* | here |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual, nonstandard — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Them» is used for «those»: «them sweets is 2 dollar each» (school English: «those sweets are 2 dollars each»).

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:m4:1
# text = «Them» is used for «those»: «them sweets is 2 dollar each» (school English: «those sweets are 2 dollars each»).
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Them	them	DET	DT	PronType=Dem	5	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nmod	_	_
13	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod:unmarked	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	dollar	dollar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
17	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
21	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
23	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	25	det	_	_
25	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
26	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	appos	_	_
29	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	28	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Them *= they* |  |  |  | for those | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for that=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | 2 dollar |  |  |  | them *= they* *nmod*; each *nmod:unmarked* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | that sweets | 2 dollars |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Them» can mean people in charge or another group: «us and them».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:m5:1
# text = «Them» can mean people in charge or another group: «us and them».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Them	them	DET	DT	PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	parataxis	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Them *= they* | people |  | charge or another group |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exams say «the said items», «the aforementioned», «the latter», «the former» or «the persons concerned».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:m6:1
# text = Exams say «the said items», «the aforementioned», «the latter», «the former» or «the persons concerned».
1	Exams	exam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	items	item	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	aforementioned	aforementioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
24	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
27	concerned	concerned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Exams | the said items |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many apples do Max and Tom have between them?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:x1:1
# text = How many apples do Max and Tom have between them?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Max	Max	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
9	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | many apples |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | Max and Tom |  |  |  |  | between apples *= apple* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There were 10 books. Zoe read 2 of them.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* There were 10 books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:x2:1
# text = There were 10 books.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | 10 books |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Zoe read 2 of them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:x2:2
# text = Zoe read 2 of them.
1	Zoe	Zoe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | Zoe | 2 of books |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lily has 6 shells and gives 2 of them away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:x3:1
# text = Lily has 6 shells and gives 2 of them away.
1	Lily	Lily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	shells	shell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	_
10	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Lily | 6 shells |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Patient |
| 2 | **give** | present | Lily *not said here* | 2 of shells |  |  |  | away *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pick up the toys and put them in the box.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:x4:1
# text = Pick up the toys and put them in the box.
1	Pick	pick	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pick up** | imperative | you *not said here* | the toys |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Topic |
| 2 | **put** | infinitive | you *not said here* | toys *= toy* |  | the box |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme in box=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each of them got a sticker.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:x5:1
# text = Each of them got a sticker.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	_
4	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sticker	sticker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Each | a sticker |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sticker=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If someone is hurt, stay with them and call an adult.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:x6:1
# text = If someone is hurt, stay with them and call an adult.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	call	call	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **stay** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with them *= they* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with they=Location |
| 3 | **call** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  | a adult |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All of them laughed at the joke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:x7:1
# text = All of them laughed at the joke.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	_
4	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	joke	joke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | past | All |  |  | the joke |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
sod it, just split 'em, 3 each

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:x8:1
# text = sod it, just split 'em, 3 each
1	sod	sod	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	just	just	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	split	split	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
6	'em	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sod** | imperative | you *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Destination |
| 2 | **split** | infinitive | you *not said here* | 'em *= they* |  |  |  | 3 *obl* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Them sweets is 2 dollar each, how much for 4?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:x9:1
# text = Them sweets is 2 dollar each, how much for 4?
1	Them	them	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	dollar	dollar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
9	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	appos	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Them sweets | 2 dollar |  |  |  | each *nmod:unmarked* | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tell 'em to wait, we're nearly done.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:x10:1
# text = Tell 'em to wait, we're nearly done.
1	Tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	'em	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	iobj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
8	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | 'em *= they* |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **wait** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **do** | present · passive |  | we |  |  |  | nearly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of the ten volumes, two of the said items have been read. State the number unread.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Of the ten volumes, two of the said items have been read.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:x11:1
# text = Of the ten volumes, two of the said items have been read.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	volumes	volume	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	items	item	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **read** | present · perfect · passive |  | two of the said items |  |  |  | of the ten volumes | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* State the number unread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:x11:2
# text = State the number unread.
1	State	state	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	unread	unread	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* | the number |  |  |  | unread *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent number=Topic |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I can't stand them lot, they never share.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:them:x12:1
# text = I can't stand them lot, they never share.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	share	share	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **stand** | can | I | them *= they* |  |  |  | lot *obl:unmarked* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **share** | present | they |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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