---
title: thereby — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «thereby» in the school dictionary: As a result of that; by doing that. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# thereby

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** result, She, He, Plants, team, you · **What happens:** do, result, save, fix, make, give · **To what, where:** result, that, 5 dollars, 20 dollars, leak, water

<!-- .vabout -->
«thereby» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [thereby in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/thereby.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a result of that; by doing that.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thereby:m1:1
# text = As a result of that; by doing that.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | gerund | a result of that *not said here* | a result of that |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality |
| 2 | **result** |  |  | that |  |  |  |  | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She saved 5 dollars a week, thereby saving 20 dollars in four weeks.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thereby:x1:1
# text = She saved 5 dollars a week, thereby saving 20 dollars in four weeks.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saved	save	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	saving	save	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
10	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | past | She | 5 dollars |  |  | week |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dollar=Theme |
| 2 | **save** | gerund | She *not said here* | 20 dollars |  |  | week | thereby *property* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dollar=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He fixed the leak, thereby saving water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thereby:x2:1
# text = He fixed the leak, thereby saving water.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fixed	fix	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	leak	leak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	saving	save	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | past | He | the leak |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent leak=Patient |
| 2 | **save** | gerund | He *not said here* | water |  |  |  | thereby *property* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants make food from sunlight, thereby giving us oxygen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thereby:x3:1
# text = Plants make food from sunlight, thereby giving us oxygen.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
9	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	iobj	_	_
10	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Plants | food |  | sunlight |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from sunlight=Material |
| 2 | **give** | gerund | Plants *not said here* | oxygen | us |  |  | thereby *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient oxygen=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The team won, thereby reaching the final.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thereby:x4:1
# text = The team won, thereby reaching the final.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	reaching	reach	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	final	final	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | the team |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **reach** | gerund | the team *not said here* | the final |  |  |  | thereby *property* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent final=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash your hands often, thereby stopping germs spreading.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thereby:x5:1
# text = Wash your hands often, thereby stopping germs spreading.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	often	often	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
8	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hands |  |  |  | often *property* | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **stop** | gerund | you *not said here* | germs |  |  |  | thereby *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality germ=Eventuality |
| 3 | **spread** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He summoned the widow before a law court; but what did he gain thereby?

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thereby:x6:1
# text = He summoned the widow before a law court; but what did he gain thereby?
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	summoned	summon	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	14	obj	_	_
12	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	gain	gain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
15	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **summon** | past | He |  | the widow |  | before a law court |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent widow=Recipient |
| 2 | **gain** | past · do-support | widow |  |  |  |  | thereby *property* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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