---
title: therefore — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «therefore» in the school dictionary: Therefore means «so» or «for that reason»; it shows that something follows from what was said before. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# therefore

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, something, we, angles, third angle, She · **What happens:** mean, show, follow, say, rain, play · **To what, where:** 180, 50, times table, bridge, long way · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«therefore» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [therefore in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/therefore.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Therefore means «so» or «for that reason»; it shows that something follows from what was said before.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:therefore:m1:1
# text = Therefore means «so» or «for that reason»; it shows that something follows from what was said before.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	17	nsubj	_	_
17	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	obl	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl:relcl	_	_
22	before	before	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent so=Topic |
| 2 | **show** | present | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **follow** | present | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent from what=Trajectory |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  | before *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is raining; therefore we will play indoors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:therefore:x1:1
# text = It is raining; therefore we will play indoors.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	raining	rain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	indoors	indoors	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rain** | present · progressive | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |
| 2 | **play** | future | we |  |  |  |  | indoors, therefore *property* | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The angles in a triangle add to 180°; therefore the third angle is 50°.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:therefore:x2:1
# text = The angles in a triangle add to 180°; therefore the third angle is 50°.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	angles	angle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	triangle	triangle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	add	add	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	180	180	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	°	°	SYM	SYM	_	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
11	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	14	amod	_	_
14	angle	angle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	°	°	SYM	SYM	_	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | infinitive | the angles in a triangle | 180 |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 180=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the third angle | 50 |  |  |  | therefore *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She practised every day and therefore improved quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:therefore:x3:1
# text = She practised every day and therefore improved quickly.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	practised	practise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	improved	improve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
8	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **practise** | past | She |  |  |  | day |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **improve** | participle | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | quickly, therefore *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
15 is divisible by 5; therefore it is in the 5 times table.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:therefore:x4:1
# text = 15 is divisible by 5; therefore it is in the 5 times table.
1	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	divisible	divisible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
7	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	compound	_	_
14	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | 15 |  |  |  |  | by 5; divisible *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  | the times table |  | therefore *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bridge was closed. We therefore took the long way.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The bridge was closed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:therefore:x5:1
# text = The bridge was closed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | past · passive |  | the bridge |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* We therefore took the long way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:therefore:x5:2
# text = We therefore took the long way.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | We | the long way |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ice is less dense than water; therefore it floats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:therefore:x6:1
# text = Ice is less dense than water; therefore it floats.
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
4	dense	dense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	floats	float	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Ice |  |  |  |  | than water; dense, less *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **float** | present | Ice |  |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They have therefore become very sure-footed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:therefore:x7:1
# text = They have therefore become very sure-footed.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	footed	footed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present · perfect | They |  |  |  |  | sure, therefore *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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