---
title: thermal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «thermal» in the school dictionary: Having to do with heat. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# thermal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** birds, Thermal energy, Wool, you, Rotorua, Firefighters · **What happens:** have, do, make, keep, rise, use · **To what, where:** you, rising current, Warm underclothes, cold weather, hot things, good thermal insulator

<!-- .vabout -->
«thermal» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [thermal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/thermal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having to do with heat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thermal:m1:1
# text = Having to do with heat.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with heat | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made to keep you warm, like thermal socks or a thermal vest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thermal:m2:1
# text = Made to keep you warm, like thermal socks or a thermal vest.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	thermal	thermal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	socks	sock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	thermal	thermal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	vest	vest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent you=Theme sock=Attribute |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rising current of warm air that birds and gliders use to go up.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thermal:m3:1
# text = A rising current of warm air that birds and gliders use to go up.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	amod	_	_
3	current	current	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
8	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	gliders	glider	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **use** | present | birds and gliders | a rising current of warm air |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient |
| 3 | **go up** | to-infinitive | birds and gliders *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun, thermals — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Warm underclothes worn in very cold weather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thermal:m4:1
# text = Warm underclothes worn in very cold weather.
1	Warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	underclothes	underclothe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | participle |  | Warm underclothes *not said here* |  | cold weather |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thermal energy flows from hot things to cold things.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thermal:x1:1
# text = Thermal energy flows from hot things to cold things.
1	Thermal	thermal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | Thermal energy |  |  | hot things |  | to cold things | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wool is a good thermal insulator.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thermal:x2:1
# text = Wool is a good thermal insulator.
1	Wool	wool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	thermal	thermal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	insulator	insulator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Wool | a good thermal insulator |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear your thermals when you go skiing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thermal:x3:1
# text = Wear your thermals when you go skiing.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	thermals	thermal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	skiing	ski	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | your thermals |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent thermal=Source |
| 2 | **go** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **ski** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The eagle circled up on a thermal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thermal:x4:1
# text = The eagle circled up on a thermal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	eagle	eagle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	circled	circle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	thermal	thermal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **circle up** | participle |  | the eagle *not said here* |  | a thermal |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rotorua has bubbling thermal pools.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thermal:x5:1
# text = Rotorua has bubbling thermal pools.
1	Rotorua	Rotorua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bubbling	bubble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	thermal	thermal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	pools	pool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Rotorua |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bubble** | gerund | Rotorua *not said here* | thermal pools |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location pool=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Firefighters use thermal cameras to find people in smoke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thermal:x6:1
# text = Firefighters use thermal cameras to find people in smoke.
1	Firefighters	firefighter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thermal	thermal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cameras	camera	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Firefighters | thermal cameras |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent camera=Patient |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | Firefighters *not said here* | people |  | smoke |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My thermal flask keeps soup hot all day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thermal:x7:1
# text = My thermal flask keeps soup hot all day.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	thermal	thermal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	flask	flask	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	soup	soup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | My thermal flask | soup |  |  | day | hot *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soup=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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