---
title: thorax — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «thorax» in the school dictionary: The thorax is the middle part of an insect's body, between the head and the abdomen, where the legs and wings are attached. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# thorax

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** thorax, you, Wings, ribs, spider · **What happens:** be, attach, hold, join, label, grow · **To what, where:** middle part, legs, chest, heart, head, organs

<!-- .vabout -->
«thorax» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [thorax in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/thorax.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The thorax is the middle part of an insect's body, between the head and the abdomen, where the legs and wings are attached.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thorax:m1:1
# text = The thorax is the middle part of an insect's body, between the head and the abdomen, where the legs and wings are attached.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thorax	thorax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	middle	middle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	between	between	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	abdomen	abdomen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
20	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	26	advmod	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
25	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	attached	attach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the thorax | the middle part |  |  |  | of a insect's body | tree rules |
| 2 | **attach** | present · passive |  | the legs and wings |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In people and other animals with backbones, the thorax is the chest, the part of the body between the neck and the belly, holding the heart and lungs.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thorax:m2:1
# text = In people and other animals with backbones, the thorax is the chest, the part of the body between the neck and the belly, holding the heart and lungs.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	backbones	backbone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	thorax	thorax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	between	between	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	belly	belly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	conj	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the thorax | the chest and the part of the body between the neck and the belly |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | gerund |  | the heart and lungs |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An insect's legs are joined to its thorax.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thorax:x1:1
# text = An insect's legs are joined to its thorax.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	thorax	thorax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present · passive |  | a insect's legs |  |  |  | to insect's thorax | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to thorax=Co-Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bee's thorax is fuzzy and yellow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thorax:x2:1
# text = The bee's thorax is fuzzy and yellow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	thorax	thorax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	fuzzy	fuzzy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the bee's thorax |  |  |  |  | fuzzy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the bee's thorax *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Label the head, thorax and abdomen of the ant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thorax:x3:1
# text = Label the head, thorax and abdomen of the ant.
1	Label	label	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	thorax	thorax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	abdomen	abdomen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ant	ant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **label** | imperative | you *not said here* | the head and thorax and abdomen of the ant |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent head=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wings grow from the thorax.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thorax:x4:1
# text = Wings grow from the thorax.
1	Wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	thorax	thorax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Wings |  |  |  |  | from the thorax | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from thorax=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ribs protect the organs in the thorax.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thorax:x5:1
# text = The ribs protect the organs in the thorax.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ribs	rib	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	protect	protect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	organs	organ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	thorax	thorax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | the ribs | the organs |  | the thorax |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent organ=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spider has no separate thorax; its head and thorax are joined.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thorax:x6:1
# text = A spider has no separate thorax; its head and thorax are joined.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spider	spider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
5	separate	separate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	thorax	thorax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	thorax	thorax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a spider | no separate thorax |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thorax=Patient |
| 2 | **join** | present · passive |  | spider's head and thorax |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The beetle's thorax is shiny and hard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thorax:x7:1
# text = The beetle's thorax is shiny and hard.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beetle	beetle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	thorax	thorax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the beetle's thorax |  |  |  |  | shiny *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the beetle's thorax *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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<!-- /div -->

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