---
title: those — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «those» in the school dictionary: Those points to things or people farther away; it is the plural of «that». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# those

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, points, Those, He, books, many · **What happens:** be, talk about, mean, have, cost, keep · **To what, where:** plural, people, 20 apples, 3 dollars, marbles, scissors

<!-- .vabout -->
«those» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [those in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/those.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Those points to things or people farther away; it is the plural of «that».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:those:m1:1
# text = Those points to things or people farther away; it is the plural of «that».
1	Those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	farther	far	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	plural	plural	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | it | the plural |  |  |  | of that | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Those points back to things already talked about.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:those:m2:1
# text = Those points back to things already talked about.
1	Those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
6	already	already	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	talked	talk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk about** | past | that points |  |  |  |  | to things; about *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to thing=Co-Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Those who» means the people who.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:those:m3:1
# text = «Those who» means the people who.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Those | the people |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had 20 apples; 5 of those were red.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:those:x1:1
# text = He had 20 apples; 5 of those were red.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	parataxis	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	10	nsubj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | He | 20 apples |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | those |  |  |  |  | red *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Those books cost 3 dollars each.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:those:x2:1
# text = Those books cost 3 dollars each.
1	Those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cost	cost	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | that books | 3 dollars  each |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many of those did she keep?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:those:x3:1
# text = How many of those did she keep?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	nmod	_	_
5	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past · do-support | many of those |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Those were all the marbles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:those:x4:1
# text = Those were all the marbles.
1	Those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	5	det:predet	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	marbles	marble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Those | all marbles |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look at those clouds over there!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:those:x5:1
# text = Look at those clouds over there!
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	over	over	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | there |  | at that clouds | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at cloud=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you pass me those scissors?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:those:x6:1
# text = Can you pass me those scissors?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	scissors	scissors	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | can | you | that scissors | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient scissors=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Those who finish early can read.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:those:x7:1
# text = Those who finish early can read.
1	Those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	finish	finish	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **finish** | present |  |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **read** | can | Those |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In those days there were no phones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:those:x8:1
# text = In those days there were no phones.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | no phones |  |  | there | day |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Are those your shoes?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:those:x9:1
# text = Are those your shoes?
1	Are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | your shoes |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was one of those days when everything went wrong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:those:x10:1
# text = It was one of those days when everything went wrong.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	9	nsubj	_	_
9	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | one |  |  | day |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | past | everything |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heaven helps those who help themselves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:those:x11:1
# text = Heaven helps those who help themselves.
1	Heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	obj	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Heaven | those |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **help** | present |  | themselves *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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