---
title: thud — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «thud» in the school dictionary: A thud is a dull, heavy sound made when something heavy falls or hits something soft: the bag hit the floor with a thud. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# thud

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** thud, something, bag, heart, heavy book, We · **What happens:** be, make, fall, hit, thud, beat · **To what, where:** dull heavy sound, something, floor, thud, race, grass

<!-- .vabout -->
«thud» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [thud in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/thud.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A thud is a dull, heavy sound made when something heavy falls or hits something soft: the bag hit the floor with a thud.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thud:m1:1
# text = A thud is a dull, heavy sound made when something heavy falls or hits something soft: the bag hit the floor with a thud.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thud	thud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	nsubj	_	_
12	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
13	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	hits	hit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
16	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	15	obj	_	_
17	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	thud	thud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a thud | a dull heavy sound |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a dull heavy sound *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **fall** | present | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **hit** | present | something *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme |
| 5 | **hit** | past | the bag | the floor |  |  |  | with a thud | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent floor=Patient with thud=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To thud is to fall or hit with such a sound, or to beat heavily: my heart was thudding.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thud:m2:1
# text = To thud is to fall or hit with such a sound, or to beat heavily: my heart was thudding.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	thud	thud	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hit	hit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	11	det:predet	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
16	heavily	heavily	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	thudding	thud	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thud** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | fall *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **hit** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with such sound | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent with sound=Instrument |
| 4 | **beat** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | heavily *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **thud** | past · progressive | my heart |  |  |  |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The heavy book fell with a thud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thud:x1:1
# text = The heavy book fell with a thud.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	thud	thud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | the heavy book |  |  |  |  | with a thud | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard a thud from upstairs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thud:x2:1
# text = We heard a thud from upstairs.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	thud	thud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	upstairs	upstairs	ADV	RB	_	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | a thud |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent thud=Topic from upstairs=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My heart was thudding before the race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thud:x3:1
# text = My heart was thudding before the race.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	thudding	thud	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thud** | past · progressive | My heart |  |  | the race |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before race=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The apple thudded onto the grass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thud:x4:1
# text = The apple thudded onto the grass.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	thudded	thud	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thud** | past | the apple |  |  | the grass |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme onto grass=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His boots thudded down the stairs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thud:x5:1
# text = His boots thudded down the stairs.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	thudded	thud	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stairs	stair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thud** | past | His boots |  |  |  |  | down the stairs | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball hit the door with a loud thud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thud:x6:1
# text = The ball hit the door with a loud thud.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	thud	thud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | past | the ball | the door |  |  |  | with a loud thud | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent door=Patient with thud=Instrument |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Still no sound, except a little thud from Tootles as he dropped on his knees.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thud:x7:1
# text = Still no sound, except a little thud from Tootles as he dropped on his knees.
1	Still	still	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
3	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	except	except	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	thud	thud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Tootles	tootle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | past | he |  |  | his knees |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on knee=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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