---
title: thunder — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «thunder» in the school dictionary: The loud crash or rumbling sound in the sky that comes after lightning. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# thunder

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sky, Verb, hooves, We, Thunder, sound · **What happens:** rumble, come, make, thunder, move, speak · **To what, where:** sound, sky, thunder, bed, field · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«thunder» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [thunder in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/thunder.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The loud crash or rumbling sound in the sky that comes after lightning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thunder:m1:1
# text = The loud crash or rumbling sound in the sky that comes after lightning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	rumbling	rumble	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	after	after	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	lightning	lightning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rumble** | gerund |  | sound |  | the sky |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sound=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | present | the sky |  |  |  | after lightning |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Verb: to make thunder: «It thundered all night».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thunder:m2:1
# text = Verb: to make thunder: «It thundered all night».
1	Verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	thundered	thunder	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive | Verb | thunder |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **thunder** *in a quote* | past | Verb |  |  |  | night |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very loud noise like thunder: the thunder of hooves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thunder:m3:1
# text = A very loud noise like thunder: the thunder of hooves.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	hooves	hoove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thunder** |  | hooves |  |  |  |  |  | nom thunder «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Verb: to move or speak very loudly: «The train thundered past».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thunder:m4:1
# text = Verb: to move or speak very loudly: «The train thundered past».
1	Verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:outer	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	thundered	thunder	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	past	past	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | to-infinitive | Verb *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | infinitive | Verb *not said here* |  |  |  |  | loudly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **thunder** *in a quote* | past | Verb |  |  |  |  | past *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard thunder in the distance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thunder:x1:1
# text = We heard thunder in the distance.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | thunder |  |  |  | in the distance | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thunder=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thunder comes after lightning because sound is slower than light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thunder:x2:1
# text = Thunder comes after lightning because sound is slower than light.
1	Thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	after	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	lightning	lightning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	slower	slow	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Thunder |  |  |  | after lightning |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | sound |  |  |  |  | than light; slow *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When thunder roars, go indoors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thunder:x3:1
# text = When thunder roars, go indoors.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	3	mark	_	_
2	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	roars	roar	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	indoors	indoors	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roar** | present | thunder |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | indoors *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog hides under the bed during thunder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thunder:x4:1
# text = The dog hides under the bed during thunder.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hides	hide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | present | the dog |  |  | the bed | during thunder |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under bed=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a loud clap of thunder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thunder:x5:1
# text = There was a loud clap of thunder.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	clap	clap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a loud clap of thunder |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **clap** |  |  | thunder |  |  |  |  | nom clap «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horses thundered across the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thunder:x6:1
# text = The horses thundered across the field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	thundered	thunder	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thunder** | past | the horses |  |  | the field |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I counted 9 seconds between the flash and the thunder, so the storm was about 3 km away.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thunder:x7:1
# text = I counted 9 seconds between the flash and the thunder, so the storm was about 3 km away.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	counted	count	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	flash	flash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
16	about	about	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	km	km	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl:unmarked	_	_
19	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | past | I |  |  |  | second |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | past | the storm |  |  |  |  | 3 km *obl:unmarked*; away *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thunderstorms often happen on hot summer days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:thunder:x8:1
# text = Thunderstorms often happen on hot summer days.
1	Thunderstorms	thunderstorm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	happen	happen	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | Thunderstorms |  |  |  | day | often *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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