---
title: till — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «till» in the school dictionary: Till means until, up to a time: open from 9 till 5. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# till

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** till, shop, She, 200 dollars, He, you · **What happens:** mean, open, be, keep, give, till · **To what, where:** 9, drawer, money, change, soil, 50 dollars

<!-- .vabout -->
«till» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [till in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/till.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Till means until, up to a time: open from 9 till 5.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:till:m1:1
# text = Till means until, up to a time: open from 9 till 5.
1	Till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	up	up	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obl	_	_
13	till	till	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent until=Topic |
| 2 | **open** | infinitive |  |  |  | 9 till 5 |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A till is the drawer or machine where a shop keeps money and gives change (a cash register).

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:till:m2:1
# text = A till is the drawer or machine where a shop keeps money and gives change (a cash register).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	till	till	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	drawer	drawer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	11	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
12	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
15	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	cash	cash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	register	register	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a till | the drawer or machine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | present | a shop | money |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |
| 3 | **give** | present | a shop *not said here* | change |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent change=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To till the soil is to dig and prepare it for planting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:till:m3:1
# text = To till the soil is to dig and prepare it for planting.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	till	till	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	dig	dig	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	prepare	prepare	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	planting	planting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **till** | to-infinitive |  | the soil |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | dig *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **prepare** | infinitive |  | soil |  |  |  | for planting | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent it=Product for planting=Beneficiary |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop is open from 9 till 5.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:till:x1:1
# text = The shop is open from 9 till 5.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
7	till	till	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the shop |  |  | 9 till 5 |  | open *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She saved till she had 50 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:till:x2:1
# text = She saved till she had 50 dollars.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saved	save	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | she | 50 dollars |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dollar=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 200 dollars in the till.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:till:x3:1
# text = There are 200 dollars in the till.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	200	200	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	till	till	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 200 dollars |  |  | the till; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in till=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He worked till noon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:till:x4:1
# text = He worked till noon.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	till	till	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	noon	noon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | past | He |  |  |  | noon |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wait till the green man shows before you cross.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:till:x5:1
# text = Wait till the green man shows before you cross.
1	Wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
2	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	cross	cross	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **show** | present | the green man |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **cross** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please pay at the till.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:till:x6:1
# text = Please pay at the till.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	pay	pay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	till	till	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the till |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer tills his fields in spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:till:x7:1
# text = The farmer tills his fields in spring.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tills	till	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **till** | present | the farmer | farmer's fields |  |  | spring |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We played till it got dark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:till:x8:1
# text = We played till it got dark.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **get** | past | it |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do this each day till I return."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:till:x9:1
# text = Do this each day till I return."
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	1	obj	_	_
3	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	return	return	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* | this |  |  | day |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality |
| 2 | **return** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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