---
title: timber — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «timber» in the school dictionary: Timber is wood that is cut and used for building or making things. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# timber

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Timbers, tree, Old Tudor houses, Timber, They, crashing · **What happens:** be, cut, use, make, warn, fall · **To what, where:** Timber wood, things, large wooden beams, Timber shout, people, shed

<!-- .vabout -->
«timber» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [timber in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/timber.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Timber is wood that is cut and used for building or making things.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:timber:m1:1
# text = Timber is wood that is cut and used for building or making things.
1	Timber	timber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
13	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Timber wood |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut** | present · passive |  | Timber wood |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | for building | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **make** | gerund |  | things |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thing=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Timbers are the large wooden beams of a building or ship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:timber:m2:1
# text = Timbers are the large wooden beams of a building or ship.
1	Timbers	timber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	beams	beam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Timbers | the large wooden beams |  |  |  | of a building or ship | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Timber! is a shout made by tree-cutters to warn people that a tree is falling.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:timber:m3:1
# text = Timber! is a shout made by tree-cutters to warn people that a tree is falling.
1	Timber	timber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shout	shout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	cutters	cutter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	warn	warn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a Timber shout |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a Timber shout *not said here* |  |  |  | by tree cutters | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **warn** *speech: warn* | to-infinitive |  |  | people |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent people=Recipient |
| 4 | **fall** | present · progressive | a tree |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shed is built from timber.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:timber:x1:1
# text = The shed is built from timber.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	timber	timber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | present · passive |  | the shed |  | timber |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from timber=Material |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old Tudor houses have black timber frames.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:timber:x2:1
# text = Old Tudor houses have black timber frames.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Tudor	Tudor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	timber	timber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	frames	frame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Old Tudor houses | black timber frames |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frame=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ship's timbers creaked in the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:timber:x3:1
# text = The ship's timbers creaked in the storm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	timbers	timber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	creaked	creak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **creak** | past | the ship's timbers |  |  | the storm |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in storm=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Logs are taken to the mill to be cut into timber.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:timber:x4:1
# text = Logs are taken to the mill to be cut into timber.
1	Logs	log	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	mill	mill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	timber	timber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present · passive |  | Logs |  | the mill |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to mill=Destination |
| 2 | **cut** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | into timber | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: into timber=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Timber! shouted the woodcutter as the tree fell.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:timber:x5:1
# text = Timber! shouted the woodcutter as the tree fell.
1	Timber	timber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	woodcutter	woodcutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | Timber | the woodcutter |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent woodcutter=Topic |
| 2 | **fall** | past | the tree |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The forest is grown for timber.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:timber:x6:1
# text = The forest is grown for timber.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	timber	timber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present · passive |  | the forest |  |  |  | for timber | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Product for timber=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They had hardly reached the other side when there was a crashing of beams and timbers.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:timber:x7:1
# text = They had hardly reached the other side when there was a crashing of beams and timbers.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	reached	reach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	10	expl	_	_
10	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	crashing	crashing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	beams	beam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	timbers	timber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past · perfect | They | the other side |  |  |  | hardly *property* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent side=Theme |
| 2 | **be** | past | a crashing of beams and timbers |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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