---
title: to — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «to» in the school dictionary: To shows where something goes or who gets it: «go to school», «give it to Sam». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# to

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, I, texts, Exams, storm, Anna · **What happens:** go, get, give, show, come, want · **To what, where:** shows, it, school, Sam, end, ten · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«to» in the school dictionary: its 8 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [to in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/to.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To shows where something goes or who gets it: «go to school», «give it to Sam».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:m1:1
# text = To shows where something goes or who gets it: «go to school», «give it to Sam».
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	shows	show	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
3	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	5	advmod	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nsubj	_	_
5	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | something |  |  | shows |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to show=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **get** | present |  | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  | school |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **give** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | school | Sam |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to sam=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To shows the end of a range: «from 5 to 9», «from Monday to Friday».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:m2:1
# text = To shows the end of a range: «from 5 to 9», «from Monday to Friday».
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	parataxis	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Monday	Monday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Friday	Friday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present |  | the end of a range |  |  | friday; monday |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Agent end=Recipient clause=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To comes before a verb: «I want to play».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:m3:1
# text = To comes before a verb: «I want to play».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	before	before	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present |  |  |  |  | before a verb |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **want** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **play** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To is used in telling the time: «ten to six» means 10 minutes before six.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:m4:1
# text = To is used in telling the time: «ten to six» means 10 minutes before six.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	advcl	_	_
4	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
14	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	before	before	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | ten to six |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  | minute |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To compares numbers in a ratio or a score: «3 to 2».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:m5:1
# text = To compares numbers in a ratio or a score: «3 to 2».
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	compares	compare	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	compound	_	_
3	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ratio	ratio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	score	score	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	appos	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«to» joins with verbs in quick speech: «gonna» (going to), «wanna» (want to), «hafta» (have to), «gotta» (got to); texts write «2» for «to».

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:m6:1
# text = «to» joins with verbs in quick speech: «gonna» (going to), «wanna» (want to), «hafta» (have to), «gotta» (got to); texts write «2» for «to».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	joins	join	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	verbs	verb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	gonna	gonna	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	15	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	wanna	wanna	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
22	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	want	want	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	hafta	hafta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	_
30	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	parataxis	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	gotta	gotta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	36	punct	_	_
38	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	acl	_	_
40	to	to	ADP	IN	_	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
43	texts	text	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	nsubj	_	_
44	write	write	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
45	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	46	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	44	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	46	punct	_	_
48	for	for	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	50	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	to	to	PART	TO	_	44	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with verbs in quick speech | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with verb=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **go** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **want** | infinitive |  | hafta |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot hafta=Theme |
| 4 | **have** | infinitive |  | gotta |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **get** | participle |  | gotta *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **write** | present | texts | 2 |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2=Theme |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exams say «in order to», «with a view to», «pursuant to», «in respect of» and «transfer to».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:m7:1
# text = Exams say «in order to», «with a view to», «pursuant to», «in respect of» and «transfer to».
1	Exams	exam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	2	obl	_	_
5	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	fixed	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	pursuant	pursuant	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	transfer	transfer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Exams |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Meaning 8 {#m8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To can show what something results in: «the storm led to flooding».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:m8:1
# text = To can show what something results in: «the storm led to flooding».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	obj	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	compound	_	_
6	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	flooding	flooding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient |
| 2 | **lead** *in a quote* | past | the storm |  |  |  |  | to flooding | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to flooding=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Anna gives 7 shells to a friend.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:x1:1
# text = Anna gives 7 shells to a friend.
1	Anna	Anna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	shells	shell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Anna | 7 shells | a friend |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent shell=Theme to friend=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Count from 5 to 9.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:x2:1
# text = Count from 5 to 9.
1	Count	count	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	obl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | 5 to 9 |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We walk to school every day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:x3:1
# text = We walk to school every day.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | present | We |  |  |  | day | to school *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to school=Result |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I want to learn to swim.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:x4:1
# text = I want to learn to swim.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **learn** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **swim** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is ten to six, so dinner is soon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:x5:1
# text = It is ten to six, so dinner is soon.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	compound	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | to ten six | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** | present | dinner |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Add 4 to 6 to get 10.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:x6:1
# text = Add 4 to 6 to get 10.
1	Add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | 4 |  |  |  | to 6 | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent 4=Patient to 6=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | 10 |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 10=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop is open from 9 to 5.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:x7:1
# text = The shop is open from 9 to 5.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the shop |  |  | 9 to 5 |  | open *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We won 3 to 2!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:x8:1
# text = We won 3 to 2!
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | We | 3 |  |  |  | to 2 | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3=Eventuality |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm gonna give 3 to my brother, wanna come?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:x9:1
# text = I'm gonna give 3 to my brother, wanna come?
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	gonna	gonna	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	4	dep	_	_
4	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	wanna	wanna	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	11	dep	_	_
11	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | I | 3 | my brother |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 3=Theme to brother=Recipient |
| 2 | **come** | infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Go to your room and don't come out till you've done the 10 sums.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:x10:1
# text = Go to your room and don't come out till you've done the 10 sums.
1	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	come	come	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	out	out	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	sums	sum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | your room |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to room=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **not** **come out** | infinitive · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **do** | present · perfect | you | the 10 sums |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Eventuality |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seven shells are transferred to a second party. Ascertain the quantity retained, given an initial holding of 15.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Seven shells are transferred to a second party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:x11:1
# text = Seven shells are transferred to a second party.
1	Seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	shells	shell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	transferred	transfer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **transfer** | present · passive |  | Seven shells | a second party |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to party=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain the quantity retained, given an initial holding of 15.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:x11:2
# text = Ascertain the quantity retained, given an initial holding of 15.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	quantity	quantity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	retained	retain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	initial	initial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the quantity |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quantity=Topic |
| 2 | **retain** | participle |  | the quantity *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **give** | participle |  | the quantity *not said here* |  |  |  | initial *property* | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **hold** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of 15 | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Count up to and including 20.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:x12:1
# text = Count up to and including 20.
1	Count	count	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	including	include	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
6	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count up** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **include** | gerund | you *not said here* | 20 |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 20=Theme |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
False confidence often leads to disaster.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:to:x13:1
# text = False confidence often leads to disaster.
1	False	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	confidence	confidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	leads	lead	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	disaster	disaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | present | False confidence |  |  |  |  | to disaster; often *property* | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to disaster=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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