---
title: toadstool — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «toadstool» in the school dictionary: A toadstool is a fungus with a round cap on a stalk, like a mushroom; the word is often used for kinds that are poisonous or not eaten, like the red one with white spots (fly agaric). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# toadstool

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** toadstool, kinds, Calling, rude insult, red toadstool, you · **What happens:** be, use, not eat, fly, call, grow · **To what, where:** fungus, word, agaric, someone, rude insult, them · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«toadstool» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [toadstool in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/toadstool.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A toadstool is a fungus with a round cap on a stalk, like a mushroom; the word is often used for kinds that are poisonous or not eaten, like the red one with white spots (fly agaric).

<!-- fold The tree, 37 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toadstool:m1:1
# text = A toadstool is a fungus with a round cap on a stalk, like a mushroom; the word is often used for kinds that are poisonous or not eaten, like the red one with white spots (fly agaric).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	toadstool	toadstool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	stalk	stalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	mushroom	mushroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
21	often	often	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
26	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
27	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	acl:relcl	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	30	advmod	_	_
30	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	like	like	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	parataxis	_	_
36	with	with	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nmod	_	_
39	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	ccomp	_	_
41	agaric	agaric	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a toadstool | a fungus |  |  |  | with a round cap on a stalk and a mushroom | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | present · passive |  | the word |  |  |  | for kinds; often *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for kind=Eventuality |
| 3 | **is** | present | kinds |  |  |  |  | poisonous *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **eat** | participle | kinds *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **fly** | infinitive |  | agaric |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location agaric=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calling someone a toadstool is a rude insult, like calling them a useless person.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toadstool:m2:1
# text = Calling someone a toadstool is a rude insult, like calling them a useless person.
1	Calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	toadstool	toadstool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	insult	insult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	useless	useless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | gerund |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme toadstool=Result |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Calling | a rude insult |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **call** | gerund | a rude insult *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme person=Result |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A red toadstool with white spots grew under the birch tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toadstool:x1:1
# text = A red toadstool with white spots grew under the birch tree.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	toadstool	toadstool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	under	under	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	birch	birch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | a red toadstool with white spots |  |  | the birch tree |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under tree=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never eat a toadstool you find in the woods.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toadstool:x2:1
# text = Never eat a toadstool you find in the woods.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	toadstool	toadstool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **eat** | imperative | you *not said here* | a toadstool |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toadstool=Patient |
| 2 | **find** | present | you | a toadstool *not said here* |  | the woods |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toadstool=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, a fairy lived under a toadstool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toadstool:x3:1
# text = In the story, a fairy lived under a toadstool.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fairy	fairy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	under	under	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	toadstool	toadstool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | a fairy |  |  | the story |  | under a toadstool | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in story=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toadstools pop up after autumn rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toadstool:x4:1
# text = Toadstools pop up after autumn rain.
1	Toadstools	toadstool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pop	pop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pop up** | present | Toadstools |  |  |  | after autumn rain |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drew toadstools on our nature walk but didn't touch them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toadstool:x5:1
# text = We drew toadstools on our nature walk but didn't touch them.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	toadstools	toadstool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	touch	touch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | We | toadstools |  | our nature |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent toadstool=Theme on nature=Destination |
| 2 | **walk** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **touch** | past · do-support |  | toadstools *= toadstool* |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Co-Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fungi like toadstools help break down dead leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toadstool:x6:1
# text = Fungi like toadstools help break down dead leaves.
1	Fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	like	like	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	toadstools	toadstool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Fungi like toadstools |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **break down** | infinitive | Fungi like toadstools *not said here* | dead leaves |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the dwarf saw that he screamed out: ‘Is that civil, you toadstool, to disfigure a man’s face?

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toadstool:x7:1
# text = When the dwarf saw that he screamed out: ‘Is that civil, you toadstool, to disfigure a man’s face?
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dwarf	dwarf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj	_	_
4	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	screamed	scream	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	civil	civil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	toadstool	toadstool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	disfigure	disfigure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	’s	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the dwarf |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **scream out** *speech: express* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | the dwarf *not said here* |  |  |  |  | civil *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **toadstool** |  | you |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **disfigure** | to-infinitive | the dwarf *not said here* | a man's face |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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