---
title: toaster — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «toaster» in the school dictionary: A toaster is a small electric kitchen machine that browns slices of bread by heating them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# toaster

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** toaster, small electric kitchen machine, I, toast, you, toaster wires · **What happens:** be, brown, heat, slice, put, pop up · **To what, where:** small electric kitchen machine, slices, bread, two slices, toaster, fork

<!-- .vabout -->
«toaster» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [toaster in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/toaster.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A toaster is a small electric kitchen machine that browns slices of bread by heating them.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toaster:m1:1
# text = A toaster is a small electric kitchen machine that browns slices of bread by heating them.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	toaster	toaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	browns	brown	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	slices	slice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	heating	heat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	advcl	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a toaster | a small electric kitchen machine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **brown** | present | a small electric kitchen machine | slices of bread |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent slice=Patient |
| 3 | **heat** | gerund | a small electric kitchen machine *not said here* | slices *= slice* |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 4 | **slice** |  |  | bread |  |  |  |  | nom slice «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I put two slices of bread in the toaster.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toaster:x1:1
# text = I put two slices of bread in the toaster.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	slices	slice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	toaster	toaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | I | two slices of bread |  | the toaster |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent slice=Theme in toaster=Destination |
| 2 | **slice** |  |  | bread |  |  |  |  | nom slice «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The toast popped up from the toaster.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toaster:x2:1
# text = The toast popped up from the toaster.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	toast	toast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	popped	pop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	toaster	toaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pop up** | past | the toast |  |  | the toaster |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never put a fork in the toaster.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toaster:x3:1
# text = Never put a fork in the toaster.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fork	fork	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	toaster	toaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | a fork |  | the toaster |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent fork=Theme in toaster=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unplug the toaster before you clean it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toaster:x4:1
# text = Unplug the toaster before you clean it.
1	Unplug	unplug	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	toaster	toaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	clean	clean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **unplug** | imperative | you *not said here* | the toaster |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **clean** | present | you | toaster |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The toaster wires glow orange when hot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toaster:x5:1
# text = The toaster wires glow orange when hot.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	toaster	toaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	wires	wire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	glow	glow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
7	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glow** | present | the toaster wires |  |  |  |  | hot, orange *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our toaster burns the toast if it is on high.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toaster:x6:1
# text = Our toaster burns the toast if it is on high.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	toaster	toaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	burns	burn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	toast	toast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | present | Our toaster | the toast |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent toast=Theme |
| 2 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | toaster |  |  |  |  | high *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep the toaster away from the sink.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toaster:x7:1
# text = Keep the toaster away from the sink.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	toaster	toaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sink	sink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | the toaster |  |  |  | away *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toaster=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crumbs in a toaster can catch fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toaster:x8:1
# text = Crumbs in a toaster can catch fire.
1	Crumbs	crumb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	toaster	toaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | can | Crumbs in a toaster | fire |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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