---
title: tone — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tone» in the school dictionary: Tone is the way something sounds, like a voice that is kind, angry or bossy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tone

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Tone, something, voice, phone, tone muscles, you · **What happens:** be, sound, intonate, not speak, have, leave · **To what, where:** way, single musical sound, shade, mood, piece, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«tone» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tone in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tone.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tone is the way something sounds, like a voice that is kind, angry or bossy.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tone:m1:1
# text = Tone is the way something sounds, like a voice that is kind, angry or bossy.
1	Tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
6	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	bossy	bossy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Tone | the way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sound** | present | something | the way *not said here* |  |  |  | like a voice | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | a voice |  |  |  |  | kind *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | a voice *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | a voice *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tone is a single musical sound or a beep, like a phone's dial tone.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tone:m2:1
# text = A tone is a single musical sound or a beep, like a phone's dial tone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	musical	musical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	beep	beep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	dial	dial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tone | a single musical sound or a beep |  |  |  | like a phone's dial tone | tree rules |
| 2 | **intonate** |  | a phone |  |  |  |  |  | nom tone «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tone is a shade of a colour, lighter or darker.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tone:m3:1
# text = A tone is a shade of a colour, lighter or darker.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shade	shade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	parataxis	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	darker	dark	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tone | a shade |  |  |  | of a colour | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tone of a piece of writing is its mood or feeling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tone:m4:1
# text = The tone of a piece of writing is its mood or feeling.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	mood	mood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the tone of a piece of writing | tone's mood or feeling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **intonate** |  |  | a piece of writing |  |  |  |  | nom tone «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To tone (or tone up) muscles is to make them firmer with exercise; to «tone down» is to make something less strong.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tone:m5:1
# text = To tone (or tone up) muscles is to make them firmer with exercise; to «tone down» is to make something less strong.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
8	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	firmer	firm	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	xcomp	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	advcl	_	_
20	down	down	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
25	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	24	obj	_	_
26	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	27	advmod	_	_
27	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | tone muscles |  |  |  |  | firm, make *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | tone muscles *not said here* |  |  |  |  | make, strong *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't speak to me in that tone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tone:x1:1
# text = Don't speak to me in that tone.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	speak	speak	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **speak** *speech: other* | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  | me | that tone |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to i=Co-Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her tone was kind and gentle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tone:x2:1
# text = Her tone was kind and gentle.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her tone |  |  |  |  | kind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Her tone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **intonate** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom tone «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poem has a sad tone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tone:x3:1
# text = The poem has a sad tone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the poem | a sad tone |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tone=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leave a message after the tone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tone:x4:1
# text = Leave a message after the tone.
1	Leave	leave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | imperative | you *not said here* | a message |  |  | after the tone |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The artist used different tones of blue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tone:x5:1
# text = The artist used different tones of blue.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	artist	artist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	tones	tone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the artist | different tones of blue |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tone=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please tone down the music; it's too loud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tone:x6:1
# text = Please tone down the music; it's too loud.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	too	too	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | music |  |  |  |  | loud *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swimming tones your muscles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tone:x7:1
# text = Swimming tones your muscles.
1	Swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	tones	tone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can tell he's joking from his tone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tone:x8:1
# text = You can tell he's joking from his tone.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	joking	joke	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | can | You |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **joke** *speech: other* | present · progressive | he |  |  | his tone |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **intonate** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom tone «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Finally some one asked, in a sympathetic tone:

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tone:x9:1
# text = Finally some one asked, in a sympathetic tone:
1	Finally	finally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	sympathetic	sympathetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | some one |  |  |  |  | finally *property* | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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