---
title: topped — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «topped» in the school dictionary: Topped means covered on top with something, like «a cake topped with cream». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# topped

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sales, She, song, Mum, temperature, Ice cream · **What happens:** top, mean, cover, go, top up, fill · **To what, where:** top, cake, beat, million, pizza, class · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«topped» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [topped in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/topped.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Topped means covered on top with something, like «a cake topped with cream».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topped:m1:1
# text = Topped means covered on top with something, like «a cake topped with cream».
1	Topped	top	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
13	topped	top	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **top** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  | top with something |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **top** *in a quote* | participle |  | a cake *not said here* |  |  |  | with cream | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with cream=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Topped means went higher than or beat, like «sales topped a million».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topped:m2:1
# text = Topped means went higher than or beat, like «sales topped a million».
1	Topped	top	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
4	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	beat	beat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	sales	sale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	topped	top	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **top** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **go** | past |  | beat |  |  |  | high *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **top** *in a quote* | past | sales | a million |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme million=Co-Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Topped up means filled again to the top.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topped:m3:1
# text = Topped up means filled again to the top.
1	Topped	top	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	nsubj	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
5	again	again	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **top up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **fill** | participle |  |  |  |  | again | to the top | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pizza was topped with cheese and tomatoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topped:x1:1
# text = The pizza was topped with cheese and tomatoes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	topped	top	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	tomatoes	tomato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **top** | past · passive |  | the pizza |  |  |  | with cheese and tomatoes | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with cheese=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She topped her class in spelling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topped:x2:1
# text = She topped her class in spelling.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	topped	top	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **top** | past | She | her class |  |  |  | in spelling | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot class=Theme in spelling=Attribute |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The song topped the charts for weeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topped:x3:1
# text = The song topped the charts for weeks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	topped	top	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	charts	chart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **top** | past | the song | the charts |  |  | week |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme chart=Co-Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum topped up my water bottle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topped:x4:1
# text = Mum topped up my water bottle.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	topped	top	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **top up** | past | Mum | my water bottle |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bottle=Co-Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The temperature topped 35 degrees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topped:x5:1
# text = The temperature topped 35 degrees.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	topped	top	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	35	35	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **top** | past | the temperature | 35 degrees |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme degree=Co-Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ice cream topped with sprinkles is my favourite.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topped:x6:1
# text = Ice cream topped with sprinkles is my favourite.
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	topped	top	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sprinkles	sprinkle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **top** | participle |  | Ice cream *not said here* |  |  |  | with sprinkles | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with sprinkle=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Ice cream |  |  |  |  | favourite *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mountain was topped with snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topped:x7:1
# text = The mountain was topped with snow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	topped	top	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **top** | past · passive |  | the mountain |  |  |  | with snow | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with snow=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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