---
title: topping — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «topping» in the school dictionary: A topping is food put on top of another food: pizza toppings, an ice-cream topping, a crumble topping. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# topping

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** topping, favourite pizza topping, We, crumble topping, boy, Mum · **What happens:** be, put, mean, top up, fill up, top · **To what, where:** food, top, ing form, charts, number, them · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«topping» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [topping in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/topping.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A topping is food put on top of another food: pizza toppings, an ice-cream topping, a crumble topping.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topping:m1:1
# text = A topping is food put on top of another food: pizza toppings, an ice-cream topping, a crumble topping.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	topping	topping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	toppings	topping	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
16	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	topping	topping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	crumble	crumble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	topping	topping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a topping | food and pizza toppings and a cream topping and a crumble topping |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **put** | participle |  | food and pizza toppings and a cream topping and a crumble topping *not said here* |  | top of another food |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on top=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old-fashioned UK slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Topping means excellent, splendid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topping:m2:1
# text = Topping means excellent, splendid.
1	Topping	topping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	excellent	excellent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	splendid	splendid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Topping |  |  |  |  | excellent *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"What a topping idea!" (now mostly used jokingly, like in old school stories).

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "What a topping idea!"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topping:m2e:1
# text = "What a topping idea!"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	topping	topping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (now mostly used jokingly, like in old school stories).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topping:m2e:2
# text = (now mostly used jokingly, like in old school stories).
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
3	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	jokingly	jokingly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  | now | jokingly, mostly *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb form — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Topping is the -ing form of "top", as in "topping up" (filling up again) or "topping the charts" (being number one).

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topping:m3:1
# text = Topping is the -ing form of "top", as in "topping up" (filling up again) or "topping the charts" (being number one).
1	Topping	topping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ing	ing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	topping	top	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
16	up	up	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	filling	fill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
20	up	up	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	again	again	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	topping	top	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	charts	chart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	_
29	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	31	cop	_	_
31	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
32	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	31	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Topping | the ing form and number |  |  |  | of top | tree rules |
| 2 | **top up** *in a quote* | gerund | Topping *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **fill up** | gerund | Topping *not said here* |  |  |  | again |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **top** *in a quote* | gerund | Topping *not said here* | the charts |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme chart=Co-Theme |
| 5 | **is a** | gerund | Topping *not said here* | number |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old UK slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Topping" someone meant killing them; it is old crime-story language.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topping:m4:1
# text = "Topping" someone meant killing them; it is old crime-story language.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Topping	topping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nsubj	_	_
5	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
12	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | Topping |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **kill** *not said to happen* | gerund | Topping *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Topping | old story language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My favourite pizza topping is pineapple.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topping:x1:1
# text = My favourite pizza topping is pineapple.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	topping	topping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	pineapple	pineapple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My favourite pizza topping | pineapple |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had pancakes with chocolate topping.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topping:x2:1
# text = We had pancakes with chocolate topping.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	pancakes	pancake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	topping	topping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | pancakes |  |  |  | with chocolate topping | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pancake=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crumble topping was golden and crunchy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topping:x3:1
# text = The crumble topping was golden and crunchy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	crumble	crumble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	topping	topping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	crunchy	crunchy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the crumble topping |  |  |  |  | golden *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the crumble topping *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"What a topping day!" said the boy in the old story.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topping:x4:1
# text = "What a topping day!" said the boy in the old story.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	topping	topping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **day** *in a quote* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | the boy |  |  | the old story |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in story=Manner |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum is topping up my phone credit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topping:x5:1
# text = Mum is topping up my phone credit.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	topping	top	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	credit	credit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **top up** | present · progressive | Mum | my phone credit |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme credit=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **credit** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom credit «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our team is topping the league this year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topping:x6:1
# text = Our team is topping the league this year.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	topping	top	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	league	league	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **top** | present · progressive | Our team | the league |  |  | year |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme league=Co-Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If a pizza can have 3 toppings from 6 choices, there are 20 different pizzas.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topping:x7:1
# text = If a pizza can have 3 toppings from 6 choices, there are 20 different pizzas.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
6	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	toppings	topping	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	choices	choice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
12	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	13	expl	_	_
13	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
15	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	pizzas	pizza	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen* | can | a pizza | 3 toppings |  | 6 choices |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent topping=Patient |
| 2 | **does** | present | 20 different pizzas |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“How topping!” said John and Michael.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:topping:x8:1
# text = “How topping!” said John and Michael.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
3	topping	top	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	John	John	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Michael	Michael	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **top** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | John and Michael |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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- ↑ back to [T in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/T/)