---
title: torah — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «torah» in the school dictionary: The Torah is the first five books of the Hebrew Bible (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy), which Jews believe God gave to Moses; it holds the Jewish law and stories. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# torah

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Torah, Jews, God, Torah scroll, rabbi, everyone · **What happens:** be, believe, give, hold, write, keep · **To what, where:** first five books, Genesis, Moses, Jewish law, written copy, long scroll · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«torah» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [torah in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/torah.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Judaism — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Torah is the first five books of the Hebrew Bible (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy), which Jews believe God gave to Moses; it holds the Jewish law and stories.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torah:m1:1
# text = The Torah is the first five books of the Hebrew Bible (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy), which Jews believe God gave to Moses; it holds the Jewish law and stories.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
6	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Hebrew	Hebrew	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Genesis	Genesis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Exodus	Exodus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Leviticus	Leviticus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	Numbers	Numbers	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	Deuteronomy	Deuteronomy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	obj	_	_
25	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
26	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	_
27	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	ccomp	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
33	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Torah | the first five books |  |  |  | of the Hebrew Bible and Genesis and Exodus and Leviticus and Numbers and Deuteronomy | tree rules |
| 2 | **believe** | present | Jews | Genesis and Exodus and Leviticus and Numbers and Deuteronomy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **give** | past | God |  | Moses |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to moses=Recipient |
| 4 | **hold** | present | Torah | the Jewish law and stories |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Torah or Torah scroll is a hand-written copy on a long scroll, kept in the ark of a synagogue.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torah:m2:1
# text = A Torah or Torah scroll is a hand-written copy on a long scroll, kept in the ark of a synagogue.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	scroll	scroll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	scroll	scroll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	synagogue	synagogue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a Torah scroll | a written copy |  | a long scroll |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **keep** | participle |  | a written copy *not said here* |  | the ark of a synagogue |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in ark=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Torah can also mean all Jewish teaching.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torah:m3:1
# text = Torah can also mean all Jewish teaching.
1	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
6	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	teaching	teaching	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Torah | all Jewish teaching |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent teaching=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rabbi lifted the Torah scroll so everyone could see.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torah:x1:1
# text = The rabbi lifted the Torah scroll so everyone could see.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rabbi	rabbi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	scroll	scroll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	10	nsubj	_	_
9	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | past | the rabbi | the Torah scroll |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scroll=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | could | everyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Torah is written in Hebrew by hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torah:x2:1
# text = The Torah is written in Hebrew by hand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Hebrew	Hebrew	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive | hand | the Torah |  | Hebrew |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in hebrew=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At his bar mitzvah, Ben read from the Torah.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torah:x3:1
# text = At his bar mitzvah, Ben read from the Torah.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	bar	bar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	mitzvah	mitzvah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | Ben |  |  | his bar mitzvah |  | from the Torah | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from torah=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Torah is kept in a special cupboard called the ark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torah:x4:1
# text = The Torah is kept in a special cupboard called the ark.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cupboard	cupboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present · passive |  | the Torah |  | a special cupboard |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in cupboard=Location |
| 2 | **call** | participle | a special cupboard *not said here* | the ark |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent ark=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A silver pointer helps the reader follow the Torah.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torah:x5:1
# text = A silver pointer helps the reader follow the Torah.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	silver	silver	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pointer	pointer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	reader	reader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	follow	follow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a silver pointer | the reader |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent reader=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **follow** | infinitive | the reader *not said here* | the Torah |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torah=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Torah contains the Ten Commandments.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torah:x6:1
# text = The Torah contains the Ten Commandments.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	contains	contain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	Commandments	commandment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | present | the Torah | the Ten Commandments |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot commandment=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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