---
title: torchlight — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «torchlight» in the school dictionary: Torchlight is the light from a torch. In the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand a torch is a battery light you hold (a flashlight in the USA). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# torchlight

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Torchlight, torch, you, We, villagers, shadows · **What happens:** be, hold, burn, read, flicker, glitter · **To what, where:** light, torch, battery light, UK, history, comics

<!-- .vabout -->
«torchlight» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [torchlight in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/torchlight.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Torchlight is the light from a torch. In the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand a torch is a battery light you hold (a flashlight in the USA).

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Torchlight is the light from a torch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torchlight:m1:1
# text = Torchlight is the light from a torch.
1	Torchlight	torchlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Torchlight | the light |  | a torch |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* In the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand a torch is a battery light you hold (a flashlight in the USA).

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torchlight:m1:2
# text = In the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand a torch is a battery light you hold (a flashlight in the USA).
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	_
10	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	flashlight	flashlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	parataxis	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a torch | a battery light |  | the UK and Ireland and Australia and New Zealand |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | present | you | a battery light *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In history and stories, torchlight is the light of burning sticks or flaming torches.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torchlight:m2:1
# text = In history and stories, torchlight is the light of burning sticks or flaming torches.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	torchlight	torchlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	flaming	flaming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	torches	torch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | torchlight | the light |  | history and stories |  | of burning sticks or flaming torches | tree rules |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read comics under the covers by torchlight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torchlight:x1:1
# text = We read comics under the covers by torchlight.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	comics	comic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	covers	cover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	torchlight	torchlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | We | comics |  | the covers |  | by torchlight | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent comic=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle hall flickered in the torchlight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torchlight:x2:1
# text = The castle hall flickered in the torchlight.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	flickered	flicker	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	torchlight	torchlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flicker** | participle |  | the castle hall *not said here* |  | the torchlight |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in torchlight=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cave walls glittered in the torchlight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torchlight:x3:1
# text = The cave walls glittered in the torchlight.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	glittered	glitter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	torchlight	torchlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glitter** | participle |  | the cave walls *not said here* |  | the torchlight |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in torchlight=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The villagers held a torchlight procession.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torchlight:x4:1
# text = The villagers held a torchlight procession.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	villagers	villager	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	torchlight	torchlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	procession	procession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | the villagers | a torchlight procession |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent procession=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By torchlight, we found the path back to the tent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torchlight:x5:1
# text = By torchlight, we found the path back to the tent.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	torchlight	torchlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	back	back	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | we | the path |  |  |  | by torchlight | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent path=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the torchlight, the shadows looked like monsters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torchlight:x6:1
# text = In the torchlight, the shadows looked like monsters.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	torchlight	torchlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	monsters	monster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the shadows |  |  |  |  | like monsters; in the torchlight | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in torchlight=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They took place by torchlight, and were conducted with the greatest solemnity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torchlight:x7:1
# text = They took place by torchlight, and were conducted with the greatest solemnity.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	torchlight	torchlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	conducted	conduct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	greatest	great	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	13	amod	_	_
13	solemnity	solemnity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | They | place |  |  |  | by torchlight | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme |
| 2 | **conduct** | past · passive | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the greatest solemnity | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP» |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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