---
title: torso — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «torso» in the school dictionary: The torso is the main part of the human body, not counting the head, arms and legs; the chest, stomach and back. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# torso

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** torso, main part, many old Greek statues, heart, you, museum · **What happens:** be, not count, find, break, twist, have · **To what, where:** main part, head, statue, torso, side, marble torso

<!-- .vabout -->
«torso» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [torso in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/torso.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The torso is the main part of the human body, not counting the head, arms and legs; the chest, stomach and back.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torso:m1:1
# text = The torso is the main part of the human body, not counting the head, arms and legs; the chest, stomach and back.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	torso	torso	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	counting	count	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	back	back	ADV	RB	_	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the torso | the main part and the chest and stomach |  |  |  | of the human body | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **count** | gerund | the main part and the chest and stomach *not said here* | the head and arms and legs |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A torso is a statue of a body without a head, arms or legs, like many old Greek statues found broken.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torso:m2:1
# text = A torso is a statue of a body without a head, arms or legs, like many old Greek statues found broken.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	torso	torso	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	statue	statue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	without	without	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
17	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
18	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
19	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	statues	statue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
23	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a torso | a statue and arms or legs |  |  |  | of a body without a head | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | past | many old Greek statues |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **break** | participle | many old Greek statues *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The heart and lungs are in the torso.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torso:x1:1
# text = The heart and lungs are in the torso.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	torso	torso	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the heart and lungs |  |  | the torso |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Twist your torso slowly from side to side.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torso:x2:1
# text = Twist your torso slowly from side to side.
1	Twist	twist	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	torso	torso	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **twist** | imperative | you *not said here* | your torso |  | side to side |  | slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent torso=Theme from side=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum had a marble torso from ancient Greece.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torso:x3:1
# text = The museum had a marble torso from ancient Greece.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	marble	marble	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	torso	torso	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Greece	Greece	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the museum | a marble torso |  | ancient Greece |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torso=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drew the torso, then added arms and legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torso:x4:1
# text = We drew the torso, then added arms and legs.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	torso	torso	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
7	added	add	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | We | the torso |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torso=Theme |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | past | We *not said here* | arms and legs |  |  | then |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The life jacket covers your whole torso.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torso:x5:1
# text = The life jacket covers your whole torso.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	jacket	jacket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	covers	cover	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	torso	torso	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present | the life jacket | your whole torso |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme torso=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rash spread across his torso.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:torso:x6:1
# text = A rash spread across his torso.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rash	rash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	torso	torso	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | participle |  | a rash *not said here* |  | his torso |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across torso=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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