---
title: tortoiseshell — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tortoiseshell» in the school dictionary: Tortoiseshell is the hard, brown-and-yellow mottled shell material that comes from the hawksbill sea turtle (not from tortoises), once used for combs, glasses frames and jewellery; trading it is now banned to protect the turtles. Every meaning for a pupil wi
---

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# tortoiseshell

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Tortoiseshell, yellow mottled shell material, trading, pattern, all, cat · **What happens:** be, mottle, come, use, trade, ban · **To what, where:** hawksbill sea turtle, Tortoiseshell, turtles, pattern, brown look, cat

<!-- .vabout -->
«tortoiseshell» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tortoiseshell in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tortoiseshell.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tortoiseshell is the hard, brown-and-yellow mottled shell material that comes from the hawksbill sea turtle (not from tortoises), once used for combs, glasses frames and jewellery; trading it is now banned to protect the turtles.

<!-- fold The tree, 37 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tortoiseshell:m1:1
# text = Tortoiseshell is the hard, brown-and-yellow mottled shell material that comes from the hawksbill sea turtle (not from tortoises), once used for combs, glasses frames and jewellery; trading it is now banned to protect the turtles.
1	Tortoiseshell	tortoiseshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
11	mottled	mottle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
12	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	hawksbill	hawksbill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
19	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	turtle	turtle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	tortoises	tortoise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	28	advmod	_	_
28	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
29	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	combs	comb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	compound	_	_
33	frames	frame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	jewellery	jewellery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
37	trading	trade	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	41	csubj:pass	_	_
38	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	obj	_	_
39	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux:pass	_	_
40	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	41	advmod	_	_
41	banned	ban	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
42	to	to	PART	TO	_	43	mark	_	_
43	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	advcl	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	turtles	turtle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Tortoiseshell |  |  |  |  | yellow mottled shell material *obl*; brown *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **mottle** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | present | yellow mottled shell material |  |  | the hawksbill sea turtle |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from turtle=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **use** | participle | yellow mottled shell material *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for combs and glasses frames and jewellery; once *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **trade** | gerund |  | Tortoiseshell |  |  |  |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 6 | **ban** | present · passive | trading |  |  |  | now |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S\_ING» |
| 7 | **protect** | to-infinitive | trading *not said here* | the turtles |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turtle=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tortoiseshell also means a pattern or plastic copying that mottled brown and amber look: tortoiseshell glasses.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tortoiseshell:m2:1
# text = Tortoiseshell also means a pattern or plastic copying that mottled brown and amber look: tortoiseshell glasses.
1	Tortoiseshell	tortoiseshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	copying	copying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	mottled	mottle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
11	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	amber	amber	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
14	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
16	tortoiseshell	tortoiseshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Tortoiseshell | a pattern or plastic copying |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Topic |
| 2 | **mottle** | past | a pattern or plastic copying | brown look and tortoiseshell glasses |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme look=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tortoiseshell is a cat with a coat patterned in black and orange (ginger) patches; almost all of them are female.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tortoiseshell:m3:1
# text = A tortoiseshell is a cat with a coat patterned in black and orange (ginger) patches; almost all of them are female.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tortoiseshell	tortoiseshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	patterned	pattern	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
11	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	ginger	ginger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	_
17	patches	patch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
19	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	24	nsubj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nmod	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	female	female	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tortoiseshell | a cat |  |  |  | with a coat | tree rules |
| 2 | **pattern** | participle |  | a coat *not said here* |  | black ginger patches |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | all |  |  |  |  | female *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tortoiseshell is also a butterfly, the small tortoiseshell, with orange, black and yellow wings.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tortoiseshell:m4:1
# text = A tortoiseshell is also a butterfly, the small tortoiseshell, with orange, black and yellow wings.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tortoiseshell	tortoiseshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	butterfly	butterfly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	tortoiseshell	tortoiseshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
13	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
18	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tortoiseshell | a butterfly and the small tortoiseshell |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cat is a tortoiseshell with black and ginger patches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tortoiseshell:x1:1
# text = My cat is a tortoiseshell with black and ginger patches.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tortoiseshell	tortoiseshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	ginger	ginger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	patches	patch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My cat | a tortoiseshell |  |  |  | with black ginger patches | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Almost all tortoiseshell cats are female.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tortoiseshell:x2:1
# text = Almost all tortoiseshell cats are female.
1	Almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
3	tortoiseshell	tortoiseshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	female	female	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | all tortoiseshell cats |  |  |  |  | female *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad's glasses have tortoiseshell frames, but they are plastic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tortoiseshell:x3:1
# text = Dad's glasses have tortoiseshell frames, but they are plastic.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	tortoiseshell	tortoiseshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	frames	frame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	plastic	plastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Dad's glasses | tortoiseshell frames |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frame=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | glasses *= glass* |  |  |  |  | plastic *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Real tortoiseshell came from hawksbill turtles, which are now endangered.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tortoiseshell:x4:1
# text = Real tortoiseshell came from hawksbill turtles, which are now endangered.
1	Real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	tortoiseshell	tortoiseshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	hawksbill	hawksbill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	turtles	turtle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
11	endangered	endangered	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Real tortoiseshell |  |  | hawksbill turtles |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from turtle=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **is** | present | hawksbill turtles |  |  |  | now | endangered *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small tortoiseshell butterfly landed on the buddleia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tortoiseshell:x5:1
# text = A small tortoiseshell butterfly landed on the buddleia.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	tortoiseshell	tortoiseshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	butterfly	butterfly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	landed	land	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	buddleia	buddleia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **land** | past | a small tortoiseshell butterfly |  |  | the buddleia |  |  | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on buddleia=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old hairbrush in the museum was made of tortoiseshell.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tortoiseshell:x6:1
# text = The old hairbrush in the museum was made of tortoiseshell.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hairbrush	hairbrush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	tortoiseshell	tortoiseshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | the old hairbrush in the museum |  |  |  | of tortoiseshell | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Selling real tortoiseshell is banned in most countries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tortoiseshell:x7:1
# text = Selling real tortoiseshell is banned in most countries.
1	Selling	sell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	csubj:pass	_	_
2	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tortoiseshell	tortoiseshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	banned	ban	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
8	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | gerund |  | real tortoiseshell |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tortoiseshell=Theme |
| 2 | **ban** | present · passive | Selling |  |  | most countries |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S\_ING» |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Next came the water-rats, dressed as pages, and lastly the frog herself, in a litter borne by eight toads, and made of tortoiseshell.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tortoiseshell:x8:1
# text = Next came the water-rats, dressed as pages, and lastly the frog herself, in a litter borne by eight toads, and made of tortoiseshell.
1	Next	next	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	dressed	dress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	lastly	lastly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	15	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	litter	litter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
21	borne	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	toads	toad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	tortoiseshell	tortoiseshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the water rats |  |  | a litter |  | next *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in litter=Location |
| 2 | **dress** | participle |  | the water rats *not said here* |  |  |  | as pages | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **bear** | participle |  | a litter *not said here* |  |  |  | by eight toads | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | of tortoiseshell | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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