---
title: tough — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tough» in the school dictionary: Tough means strong and not easily broken, cut or damaged: «tough boots». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tough

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Tough, tough person, Tough food, boots, maths test, She · **What happens:** mean, not break, cut, damage, do, be · **To what, where:** body, Tough, bad behaviour, leg · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«tough» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tough in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tough.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tough means strong and not easily broken, cut or damaged: «tough boots».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tough:m1:1
# text = Tough means strong and not easily broken, cut or damaged: «tough boots».
1	Tough	tough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
6	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Tough |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **break** | participle | Tough *not said here* |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **cut** | participle | Tough *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **damage** | participle | Tough *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tough means hard to do or difficult: «a tough test».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tough:m2:1
# text = Tough means hard to do or difficult: «a tough test».
1	Tough	tough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Tough |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | Tough *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tough person is strong in body or mind and can deal with pain or problems.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tough:m3:1
# text = A tough person is strong in body or mind and can deal with pain or problems.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	deal	deal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a tough person |  |  | body or mind |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **deal** | can | a tough person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with pain or problems | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with pain=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tough food (like meat) is hard to cut or chew.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tough:m4:1
# text = Tough food (like meat) is hard to cut or chew.
1	Tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	chew	chew	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Tough food like meat |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut** | to-infinitive | Tough food like meat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **chew** | infinitive | Tough food like meat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tough means strict and firm: «tough rules».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tough:m5:1
# text = Tough means strict and firm: «tough rules».
1	Tough	tough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	strict	strict	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	firm	firm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Tough |  |  |  |  | strict *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Tough!» or «Tough luck» is said, rather rudely, to mean «too bad».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tough:m6:1
# text = «Tough!» or «Tough luck» is said, rather rudely, to mean «too bad».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Tough	tough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	rather	rather	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	rudely	rudely	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	parataxis	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	too	too	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | Tough or Tough luck |  |  |  | rudely *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
These boots are tough enough for hiking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tough:x1:1
# text = These boots are tough enough for hiking.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	hiking	hike	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this boots |  |  |  |  | enough, tough *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hike** | gerund | this boots *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The maths test was tough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tough:x2:1
# text = The maths test was tough.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	compound	_	_
3	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the maths test |  |  |  |  | tough *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is tough and never gives up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tough:x3:1
# text = She is tough and never gives up.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  |  |  | tough *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **give up** | present | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This steak is too tough to chew.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tough:x4:1
# text = This steak is too tough to chew.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	steak	steak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	chew	chew	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this steak |  |  |  |  | tough *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **chew** | to-infinitive | this steak *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We've had a tough week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tough:x5:1
# text = We've had a tough week.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · perfect | We |  |  |  | week |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new head is tough on bad behaviour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tough:x6:1
# text = The new head is tough on bad behaviour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the new head |  |  | bad behaviour |  | tough *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being tough doesn't mean you can't cry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tough:x7:1
# text = Being tough doesn't mean you can't cry.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	csubj	_	_
3	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | tough *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **mean** | present · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **cry** *speech: express* | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He tied the Mouse's leg to his own with a tough reed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tough:x8:1
# text = He tied the Mouse's leg to his own with a tough reed.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tied	tie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Mouse	Mouse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	reed	reed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tie** | past | He | the Mouse's leg |  |  |  | to Mouse's own; with a tough reed | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient PP.instrument»: agent=Agent leg=Patient to own=Co-Patient with reed=Instrument |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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