---
title: tout — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tout» in the school dictionary: To tout means to try hard to sell something or to praise it loudly, so people will buy or believe it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tout

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** people, tout, person, Ticket touts, Street sellers, Tout le monde · **What happens:** tout, mean, try, sell, praise, buy · **To what, where:** something, it, person, tickets, higher price, all · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«tout» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tout in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tout.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To tout means to try hard to sell something or to praise it loudly, so people will buy or believe it.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tout:m1:1
# text = To tout means to try hard to sell something or to praise it loudly, so people will buy or believe it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	tout	tout	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	praise	praise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
18	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	buy	buy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	conj	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tout** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn overstate-37.12 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **try** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **sell** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 5 | **praise** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | loudly *property* | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 6 | **buy** | future | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **believe** | infinitive | people *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tout (ticket tout) is a person who buys tickets for concerts or matches and sells them at a higher price.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tout:m2:1
# text = A tout (ticket tout) is a person who buys tickets for concerts or matches and sells them at a higher price.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tout	tout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	ticket	ticket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	tout	tout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	buys	buy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	tickets	ticket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	concerts	concert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	matches	match	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	sells	sell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	amod	_	_
23	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tout | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **buy** | present | a person | tickets |  |  |  | for concerts or matches | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent ticket=Theme for concert=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **sell** | present | a person *not said here* | tickets *= ticket* |  | a higher price |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent they=Theme at price=Asset |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: French — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Tout» means «all» or «everything», as in «tout le monde» (everybody); it sounds like «too».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tout:m3:1
# text = «Tout» means «all» or «everything», as in «tout le monde» (everybody); it sounds like «too».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Tout	tout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	tout	tout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	le	le	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	monde	monde	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	everybody	everybody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
26	like	like	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	too	too	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Tout | all |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sound** | present | Tout |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was touted as the next football star.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tout:x1:1
# text = He was touted as the next football star.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	touted	tout	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tout** *speech: other* | past · passive |  | He |  |  |  | as the next football star | vn overstate-37.12 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ticket touts were selling seats for double the price.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tout:x2:1
# text = Ticket touts were selling seats for double the price.
1	Ticket	ticket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	touts	tout	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	selling	sell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	seats	seat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	double	double	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past · progressive | Ticket touts | seats |  |  |  | for the price | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent seat=Theme for price=Asset |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Street sellers touted cheap watches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tout:x3:1
# text = Street sellers touted cheap watches.
1	Street	street	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sellers	seller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	touted	tout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cheap	cheap	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	watches	watch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tout** *speech: other* | past | Street sellers | cheap watches |  |  |  |  | vn overstate-37.12 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent watch=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Tout le monde» means everybody in French.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tout:x4:1
# text = «Tout le monde» means everybody in French.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Tout	tout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	le	le	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	monde	monde	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	everybody	everybody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Tout le monde | everybody |  |  |  | in French | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot everybody=Theme in french=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new game was touted as the best ever.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tout:x5:1
# text = The new game was touted as the best ever.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	touted	tout	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	obl	_	_
9	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tout** *speech: other* | past · passive |  | the new game |  |  | ever |  | vn overstate-37.12 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't buy from touts — the tickets might be fake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tout:x6:1
# text = Don't buy from touts — the tickets might be fake.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	buy	buy	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	touts	tout	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tickets	ticket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
9	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
11	fake	fake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **buy** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | touts |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from tout=Source |
| 2 | **is** | might | the tickets |  |  |  |  | fake *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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