---
title: toxic — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «toxic» in the school dictionary: Toxic means poisonous, able to harm or kill living things if swallowed, breathed in or touched. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# toxic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Toxic, relationships, Bleach, Chocolate, mushrooms, factory · **What happens:** mean, harm, kill, live, swallow, breathe in · **To what, where:** living things, Toxic, Bleach, toxic waste, river, toxic fumes

<!-- .vabout -->
«toxic» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [toxic in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/toxic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toxic means poisonous, able to harm or kill living things if swallowed, breathed in or touched.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxic:m1:1
# text = Toxic means poisonous, able to harm or kill living things if swallowed, breathed in or touched.
1	Toxic	toxic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
10	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	amod	_	_
11	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	swallowed	swallow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	breathed	breathe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	touched	touch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Toxic |  |  |  |  | poisonous *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **harm** | to-infinitive | Toxic *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **kill** | infinitive | Toxic *not said here* | living things |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 4 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **swallow** *a condition, not said to happen* | participle | Toxic *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **breathe in** | participle | Toxic *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **touch** | participle | Toxic *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toxic is used about behaviour or relationships that are harmful and unkind: «a toxic friendship».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxic:m2:1
# text = Toxic is used about behaviour or relationships that are harmful and unkind: «a toxic friendship».
1	Toxic	toxic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	relationships	relationship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	toxic	toxic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Toxic |  |  |  | about behaviour or relationships | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | present | relationships |  |  |  |  | harmful *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | relationships *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bleach is toxic, so keep it locked away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxic:x1:1
# text = Bleach is toxic, so keep it locked away.
1	Bleach	bleach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	toxic	toxic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	locked	lock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	xcomp	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Bleach |  |  |  |  | toxic *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | infinitive | Bleach *not said here* | Bleach |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **lock away** | participle | Bleach *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chocolate is toxic to dogs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxic:x2:1
# text = Chocolate is toxic to dogs.
1	Chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	toxic	toxic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Chocolate |  |  |  |  | to dogs; toxic *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some mushrooms are toxic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxic:x3:1
# text = Some mushrooms are toxic.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	mushrooms	mushroom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	toxic	toxic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some mushrooms |  |  |  |  | toxic *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The factory dumped toxic waste in the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxic:x4:1
# text = The factory dumped toxic waste in the river.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dumped	dump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	toxic	toxic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dump** | past | the factory | toxic waste |  | the river |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent waste=Theme in river=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't breathe in toxic fumes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxic:x5:1
# text = Don't breathe in toxic fumes.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	toxic	toxic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	fumes	fume	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **breathe** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | toxic fumes |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That group chat became toxic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxic:x6:1
# text = That group chat became toxic.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	chat	chat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	toxic	toxic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | that group chat |  |  |  |  | toxic *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look for the hazard label on toxic products.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxic:x7:1
# text = Look for the hazard label on toxic products.
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	hazard	hazard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	label	label	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	toxic	toxic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	products	product	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the hazard label on toxic products | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for label=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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