---
title: toxicity — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «toxicity» in the school dictionary: Toxicity is how poisonous or harmful a substance is. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# toxicity

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Toxicity, mushrooms, Scientists, dose, anything, Chocolate · **What happens:** be, mean, have, test, matter, ban · **To what, where:** nasty behaviour, high toxicity, toxicity, large amount, Lead paint, chat game

<!-- .vabout -->
«toxicity» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [toxicity in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/toxicity.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toxicity is how poisonous or harmful a substance is.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxicity:m1:1
# text = Toxicity is how poisonous or harmful a substance is.
1	Toxicity	toxicity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
4	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Toxicity |  |  |  |  | poisonous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Toxicity *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toxicity also means nasty, unkind or harmful behaviour between people, for example online.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxicity:m2:1
# text = Toxicity also means nasty, unkind or harmful behaviour between people, for example online.
1	Toxicity	toxicity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
9	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
10	between	between	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
15	online	online	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Toxicity | nasty behaviour |  |  |  | between people; for example | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot behaviour=Theme for example=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some mushrooms have very high toxicity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxicity:x1:1
# text = Some mushrooms have very high toxicity.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	mushrooms	mushroom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	toxicity	toxicity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some mushrooms | high toxicity |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toxicity=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists test the toxicity of new medicines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxicity:x2:1
# text = Scientists test the toxicity of new medicines.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	test	test	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	toxicity	toxicity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	medicines	medicine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | present | Scientists | the toxicity of new medicines |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toxicity=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dose matters: almost anything has toxicity in a large amount.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxicity:x3:1
# text = The dose matters: almost anything has toxicity in a large amount.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dose	dose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	matters	matter	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	toxicity	toxicity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **matter** | present | the dose |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **have** | present | anything | toxicity |  | a large amount |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toxicity=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lead paint was banned because of its toxicity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxicity:x4:1
# text = Lead paint was banned because of its toxicity.
1	Lead	lead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	banned	ban	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	toxicity	toxicity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ban** | past · passive |  | Lead paint |  |  |  | because paint's toxicity | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chat game was spoiled by toxicity and name-calling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxicity:x5:1
# text = The chat game was spoiled by toxicity and name-calling.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	chat	chat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	spoiled	spoil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	toxicity	toxicity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	calling	calling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spoil** | past · passive | toxicity and name calling | the chat game |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chocolate has toxicity for dogs, even though it is safe for people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toxicity:x6:1
# text = Chocolate has toxicity for dogs, even though it is safe for people.
1	Chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	toxicity	toxicity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	even	even	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Chocolate | toxicity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | Chocolate |  |  |  |  | for people; safe *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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