---
title: toy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «toy» in the school dictionary: A toy is a thing children play with, like a doll, a ball, a teddy or a toy car. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# toy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** toy, children, Sam, He, shop, you · **What happens:** be, play, describe, model, think, have · **To what, where:** thing, small model, real thing, 18 toys, 4 dollars, 5 toys

<!-- .vabout -->
«toy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [toy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/toy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A toy is a thing children play with, like a doll, a ball, a teddy or a toy car.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toy:m1:1
# text = A toy is a thing children play with, like a doll, a ball, a teddy or a toy car.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	play	play	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	doll	doll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	teddy	teddy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a toy | a thing and a doll |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **play** | present | children | a thing and a doll *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toy can describe a small model of a real thing: a toy train.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toy:m2:1
# text = Toy can describe a small model of a real thing: a toy train.
1	Toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can | Toy | a small model of a real thing |  |  |  | a toy train *obl* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent model=Theme |
| 2 | **model** |  |  | a real thing |  |  |  |  | nom model «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To toy with something is to play with it without much care or to think about an idea not very seriously.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toy:m3:1
# text = To toy with something is to play with it without much care or to think about an idea not very seriously.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
10	without	without	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
16	about	about	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
20	very	very	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	seriously	seriously	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | toy with something |  |  |  |  | with it; without much care; play *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | toy with something *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about a idea; seriously *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about idea=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam has 18 toys.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toy:x1:1
# text = Sam has 18 toys.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	18	18	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Sam | 18 toys |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each toy costs 4 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toy:x2:1
# text = Each toy costs 4 dollars.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | each toy | 4 dollars |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He gave 5 toys to his sister.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toy:x3:1
# text = He gave 5 toys to his sister.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | He | 5 toys | his sister |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent toy=Theme to sister=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop sold 30 toys on Saturday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toy:x4:1
# text = The shop sold 30 toys on Saturday.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Saturday	Saturday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past | the shop | 30 toys |  |  | saturday |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please put your toys back in the toy box.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toy:x5:1
# text = Please put your toys back in the toy box.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put back** | imperative | you *not said here* | your toys |  | the toy box |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent toy=Theme in box=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We gave our old toys to the charity shop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toy:x6:1
# text = We gave our old toys to the charity shop.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	charity	charity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | We | our old toys | the charity shop |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent toy=Theme to shop=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep small toys away from the baby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toy:x7:1
# text = Keep small toys away from the baby.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | small toys |  |  |  | away *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She toyed with her food because she wasn't hungry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toy:x8:1
# text = She toyed with her food because she wasn't hungry.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	toyed	toy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **toy** | past | She |  |  |  |  | with her food | vn trifle-105.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with food=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past | she |  |  |  |  | hungry *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the toys began to play at visiting, dancing, and fighting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:toy:x9:1
# text = Then the toys began to play at visiting, dancing, and fighting.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	visiting	visiting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	dancing	dancing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	fighting	fighting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the toys |  |  |  | then |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **play** | to-infinitive | the toys *not said here* |  |  | visiting and dancing |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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