---
title: trade — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «trade» in the school dictionary: Trade is the buying and selling of goods between people, shops or countries. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# trade

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Trade, job, I, Ancient ships, Vikings, you · **What happens:** be, sell, need, trade, carry, want · **To what, where:** buying, job, skill, single swap, apple, trade

<!-- .vabout -->
«trade» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [trade in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/trade.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trade is the buying and selling of goods between people, shops or countries.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trade:m1:1
# text = Trade is the buying and selling of goods between people, shops or countries.
1	Trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	buying	buying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	selling	sell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	6	obl	_	_
9	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Trade | the buying |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sell** | gerund | Trade *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of goods; between people and shops or countries | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To trade is to swap one thing for another.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trade:m2:1
# text = To trade is to swap one thing for another.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	swap	swap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | trade |  |  |  |  | for another; swap *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A trade is a job that needs skill with the hands, like a plumber or electrician.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trade:m3:1
# text = A trade is a job that needs skill with the hands, like a plumber or electrician.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	plumber	plumber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	electrician	electrician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a trade | a job |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | a job | skill |  |  |  | with the hands | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot skill=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A trade is a single swap or deal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trade:m4:1
# text = A trade is a single swap or deal.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	swap	swap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a trade | a single swap or deal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I traded my apple for her biscuit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trade:x1:1
# text = I traded my apple for her biscuit.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	traded	trade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	biscuit	biscuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trade** | past | I | my apple |  |  |  | for her biscuit | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent apple=Theme for biscuit=Co-Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ancient ships carried trade across the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trade:x2:1
# text = Ancient ships carried trade across the sea.
1	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | Ancient ships | trade |  | the sea |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trade=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Vikings traded furs and silver.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trade:x3:1
# text = The Vikings traded furs and silver.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	traded	trade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	furs	fur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trade** | past | the Vikings | furs and silver |  |  |  |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do you want to trade cards?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trade:x4:1
# text = Do you want to trade cards?
1	Do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	want	want	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	trade	trade	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **trade** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | cards |  |  |  |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My uncle is a builder by trade.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trade:x5:1
# text = My uncle is a builder by trade.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	builder	builder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My uncle | a builder |  |  |  | by trade | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That was a fair trade.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trade:x6:1
# text = That was a fair trade.
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | That | a fair trade |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fair trade chocolate gives farmers a better price.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trade:x7:1
# text = Fair trade chocolate gives farmers a better price.
1	Fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	iobj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Fair trade chocolate | a better price | farmers |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent farmer=Recipient price=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad traded in his old car for a new one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trade:x8:1
# text = Dad traded in his old car for a new one.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	traded	trade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trade** | past | Dad |  |  | Dad's old car |  | for a new one | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent for one=Co-Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You yourself asked me my trade.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trade:x9:1
# text = You yourself asked me my trade.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	1	nmod	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | You | my trade | me |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **trade** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom trade «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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