---
title: trader — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «trader» in the school dictionary: A trader is a person who buys and sells goods to make money, such as a market trader. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# trader

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** trader, person, Traders, Viking traders, fruit trader, Dad · **What happens:** be, buy, sell, make, carry, sail · **To what, where:** person, goods, money, shares, stock market, furs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«trader» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [trader in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/trader.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A trader is a person who buys and sells goods to make money, such as a market trader.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trader:m1:1
# text = A trader is a person who buys and sells goods to make money, such as a market trader.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trader	trader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	buys	buy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	sells	sell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	9	obj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
13	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	19	case	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	trader	trader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a trader | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **buy** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sell** | present | a person *not said here* | goods |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goods=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive | a person *not said here* | money and a market trader |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset money=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A trader is a person who buys and sells shares, money or other goods on a stock market.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trader:m2:1
# text = A trader is a person who buys and sells shares, money or other goods on a stock market.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trader	trader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	buys	buy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	sells	sell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	shares	share	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	10	conj	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	stock	stock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a trader | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **buy** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sell** | present | a person *not said here* | shares and money or other goods |  | a stock market |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: agent=Agent share=Theme on market=Asset |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Traders carried goods like spices, silk and furs between faraway lands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trader:m3:1
# text = Traders carried goods like spices, silk and furs between faraway lands.
1	Traders	trader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	2	obj	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	spices	spice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	silk	silk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	furs	fur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
10	between	between	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	faraway	faraway	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | Traders | goods |  |  |  | like spices and silk and furs; between faraway lands | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goods=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The market trader sold apples three for a pound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trader:x1:1
# text = The market trader sold apples three for a pound.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	trader	trader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
4	sold	sell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pound	pound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Viking traders sailed far to sell furs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trader:x2:1
# text = Viking traders sailed far to sell furs.
1	Viking	viking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	traders	trader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	furs	fur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** | past | Viking traders |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sell** | to-infinitive | Viking traders *not said here* | furs |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A trader buys low and sells high to make a profit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trader:x3:1
# text = A trader buys low and sells high to make a profit.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trader	trader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	buys	buy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	sells	sell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	profit	profit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | present | a trader |  |  |  |  | low *property* | vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sell** | present | a trader *not said here* |  |  |  |  | high *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive | a trader *not said here* | a profit |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset profit=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fruit trader gave me an extra orange.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trader:x4:1
# text = The fruit trader gave me an extra orange.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	trader	trader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	orange	orange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the fruit trader | a extra orange | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient orange=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Traders on the Silk Road carried silk from China.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trader:x5:1
# text = Traders on the Silk Road carried silk from China.
1	Traders	trader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Silk	Silk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Road	Road	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	silk	silk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | Traders on the Silk Road | silk |  | China |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent silk=Theme from china=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad is a sole trader who runs his own plumbing business.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trader:x6:1
# text = Dad is a sole trader who runs his own plumbing business.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sole	sole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	trader	trader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	plumbing	plumbing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Dad | a sole trader |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | present | a sole trader | his own plumbing business |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme business=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"What is the price of this cloth?" one trader will ask another.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trader:x7:1
# text = "What is the price of this cloth?" one trader will ask another.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	trader	trader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
15	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | price one trader | the price |  |  |  | of this cloth | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | future | price one trader | another |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent another=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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